Evidence map›Paper›PMID 32269081›Full record

ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2020

Phylogenetic network analysis of SARS-CoV-2 genomes.

Peter Forster, Lucy Forster, Colin Renfrew, Michael Forster

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 514 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
514citing papers in PubMed, 4 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

514 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
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  4. Pooled it
  5. Trial
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  11. Finding maximum common contractions between phylogenetic networks.Algorithms for molecular biology : AMB · 2025
    Article
  12. Article
  13. The lives of cells, recorded.Nature reviews. Genetics · 2025
    Review
  14. Article
  15. Machine Learning Early Detection of SARS-CoV-2 High-Risk Variants.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2024
    Article
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  18. Review
  19. Article
  20. Article

454 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Peter ForsterInstitute of Forensic Genetics, 48161 Münster, Germany; pf223@cam.ac.uk acr10@cam.ac.uk.
Lucy ForsterLakeside Healthcare Group at Cedar House Surgery, St Neots PE19 1BQ, United Kingdom.
Colin RenfrewMcDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3ER, United Kingdom; pf223@cam.ac.uk acr10@cam.ac.uk.
Michael ForsterFluxus Technology Limited, Colchester CO3 0NU, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0001-9927-5124

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

In a phylogenetic network analysis of 160 complete human severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2) genomes, we find three central variants distinguished by amino acid changes, which we have named A, B, and C, with A being the ancestral type according to the bat outgroup coronavirus. The A and C types are found in significant proportions outside East Asia, that is, in Europeans and Americans. In contrast, the B type is the most common type in East Asia, and its ancestral genome appears not to have spread outside East Asia without first mutating into derived B types, pointing to founder effects or immunological or environmental resistance against this type outside Asia. The network faithfully traces routes of infections for documented coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases, indicating that phylogenetic networks can likewise be successfully used to help trace undocumented COVID-19 infection sources, which can then be quarantined to prevent recurrent spread of the disease worldwide.

Indexed as

AnimalsBetacoronavirusChiropteraCoronavirus InfectionsCOVID-19Genome, ViralHumansPandemicsPhylogenyPneumonia, ViralSARS-CoV-2Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirusancestral typeSARS-CoV-2 evolutionsubtype

Identifiers

PMID32269081
PMCPMC7196762

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.