ArticleStroke2020
Hypothetical Lifestyle Strategies in Middle-Aged Women and the Long-Term Risk of Stroke.
Article in Stroke, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association between red meat consumption and risk of stroke: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Pooled it
- Sex Differences in Physical Activity and Incident Stroke: A Systematic Review.Clinical therapeutics · 2022Pooled it
- Lifestyle profiles and long-term blood pressure control are associated with lower risks of stroke and all-cause mortality among treated hypertensive patients: findings from the China Stroke Primary Prevention Trial.Journal of human hypertension · 2026Trial
- Estimated preventable fraction of chronic disease attributed to long-term physical activity and diet quality, independent of body weight: a prospective cohort study of three US cohorts.Lancet regional health. Americas · 2026Article
- Review
- Immunoglobulin G N-glycosylation predicts long-term risk of ischemic stroke: a nested case-control study.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Article
- Hypothetical Behavioral Interventions for Mitigating the Cardiovascular Effects of Long-Term Fine Particulate Matter Exposure: Analyses From 2 Prospective Cohorts.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2025Article
- Evaluating recommendation-based dietary and physical activity strategies for prostate cancer prevention: a target trial emulation in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study.American journal of epidemiology · 2025Article
- Association between plasma trimethylamine N-oxide and cerebral white matter hyperintensity: a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2024Article
- On the estimation of the effect of weight change on a health outcome using observational data, by utilising the target trial emulation framework.International journal of obesity (2005) · 2023Observational
- Evaluating Model Specification When Using the Parametric G-Formula in the Presence of Censoring.American journal of epidemiology · 2023Article
- Hypothetical intervention of targeted systolic blood pressure control of < 120 mmHg on renal prognosis for persons with stage 3-4 chronic kidney disease: an application of parametric g-formula using health checkup data in Japan.Clinical and experimental nephrology · 2023Article
- Effects of Auricular Point Acupressure with Lifestyle Interventions on Cerebrovascular Function among Adults with High Stroke Risk: A Randomized Controlled Study.Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM · 2023Article
- Initiating SGLT2 inhibitor therapy to improve renal outcomes for persons with diabetes eligible for an intensified glucose-lowering regimen: hypothetical intervention using parametric g-formula modeling.BMJ open diabetes research & care · 2022Observational
- Stroke mortality attributable to high red meat intake in China and South Korea: An age-period-cohort and joinpoint analysis.Frontiers in nutrition · 2022Article
- Incident Stroke and Its Influencing Factors in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and/or Hypertension: A Prospective Cohort Study.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2022Article
- Estimating the effect of nutritional interventions using observational data: the American Heart Association's 2020 Dietary Goals and mortality.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2021Article
- Gut microbes impact stroke severity via the trimethylamine N-oxide pathway.Cell host & microbe · 2021Article
- Estimation of Generalized Impact Fraction and Population Attributable Fraction of Hypertension Based on JNC-IV and 2017 ACC/AHA Guidelines for Cardiovascular Diseases Using Parametric G-Formula: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS).Risk management and healthcare policy · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Background and Purpose- Long-term effect of lifestyle changes on stroke incidence has not been estimated in randomized trials. We used observational data to estimate the incidence of stroke under hypothetical lifestyle strategies in the NHS (Nurses' Health Study). Methods- We considered 3 nondietary strategies (smoking cessation, exercising ≥30 min/d, gradual body mass index reduction if overweight/obese) and several dietary strategies (eating ≥3 servings/wk of fish, ≤3 servings/wk of unprocessed red meat, no processed red meat, ≥1 servings/d of nuts, etc). We used the parametric g-formula to estimate the 26-year risk of stroke under these strategies. Results- In 59 727 women, mean age 52 years at baseline in 1986, the estimated 26-year risks under no lifestyle interventions were 4.7% for total stroke, 2.4% for ischemic stroke, and 0.7% for hemorrhagic stroke. Under the combined nondietary interventions, the estimated 26-year risk of total stroke was 3.5% (95% CI, 2.6%-4.3%) and ischemic stroke was 1.6% (95% CI, 1.1%-2.1%). Smaller reductions in total stroke risk were estimated under isolated dietary strategies of increased intake of fish and nuts and reduced intake of unprocessed red meat. Ischemic stroke risk was lower under reduced intake of unprocessed and processed red meat, and hemorrhagic stroke risk was lower under a strategy of increased fish consumption. Conclusions- In this population of middle-aged women, sustained, lifestyle modifications were estimated to reduce the 26-year risk of total stroke by 25% and ischemic stroke by 36%. Sustained dietary modifications were estimated to reduce the 26-year risk of total stroke by 23%.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.