ArticleLeukemia & lymphoma2020
Repurposing leflunomide for relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma: a phase 1 study.
Article in Leukemia & lymphoma, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02509052 (A Phase I/II Dose-Escalation Trial of Leflunomide in Patients With Relapsed or Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma), which is not on this map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Phase I/II Dose-Escalation Trial of Leflunomide in Patients With Relapsed or Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Targeting the MARCH5-MFN2 axis to enhance mitochondrial fusion and sensitize multiple myeloma cells to venetoclax.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Article
- Individualized dynamic risk assessment and treatment selection for multiple myeloma.British journal of cancer · 2025Article
- Drug Repurposing and Nanotechnology for Topical Skin Cancer Treatment: Redirecting toward Targeted and Synergistic Antitumor Effects.ACS pharmacology & translational science · 2025Review
- Review
- Discovering Potential in Non-Cancer Medications: A Promising Breakthrough for Multiple Myeloma Patients.Cancers · 2024Review
- Pyrimidine depletion enhances targeted and immune therapy combinations in acute myeloid leukemia.JCI insight · 2024Article
- Cancer and Autoimmune Diseases as Two Sides of Chronic Inflammation and the Method of Therapy.Current cancer drug targets · 2024Review
- Drug Repurposing in Oncology: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Clinical Trials.Cancers · 2023Review
- Leflunomide Confers Rapid Recovery from COVID-19 and is Coupled with Temporal Immunologic Changes.Journal of immunological sciences · 2023Article
- Beyond the cell: novel noncellular immunotherapy approaches to multiple myeloma.Hematology. American Society of Hematology. Education Program · 2022Article
- DHODH is an independent prognostic marker and potent therapeutic target in neuroblastoma.JCI insight · 2022Article
- Mitochondrial adaptation in cancer drug resistance: prevalence, mechanisms, and management.Journal of hematology & oncology · 2022Review
- Identification of Human Dihydroorotate Dehydrogenase Inhibitor by a Pharmacophore-Based Virtual Screening Study.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Oral Conventional Synthetic Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs with Antineoplastic Potential: a Review.Dermatology and therapy · 2022Review
- Targeting cancer metabolism in the era of precision oncology.Nature reviews. Drug discovery · 2022Review
- The Mitochondria-Independent Cytotoxic Effect of Leflunomide on RPMI-8226 Multiple Myeloma Cell Line.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Leflunomide an immunomodulator with antineoplastic and antiviral potentials but drug-induced liver injury: A comprehensive review.International immunopharmacology · 2021Review
- MYC inhibitors in multiple myeloma.Cancer drug resistance (Alhambra, Calif.) · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
19 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The inexpensive, well-tolerated, immunomodulatory agent leflunomide, used extensively for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, has been shown to produce significant activity against multiple myeloma (MM) in pre-clinical studies. We conducted a phase 1 study (clinicaltrials.gov: NCT02509052) of single agent leflunomide in patients with relapsed/refractory MM (≥3 prior therapies). At dose levels 1 and 2 (20 and 40 mg), no dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) were observed. At dose level 3 (60 mg), one patient experienced elevated alanine aminotransferase; an additional three patients were enrolled at this dose level without further DLTs. Overall, toxicities were infrequent and manageable. Nine out of 11 patients achieved stable disease (SD), two subjects experiencing SD for nearly one year or longer. The tolerable safety profile of leflunomide, combined with a potential disease stabilization, is motivating future studies of leflunomide, in combination with other MM drugs, or as an approach to delay progression of smoldering MM.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.