ArticleJournal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)2020
The HIV Continuum of Care for Adolescents and Young Adults Attending 13 Urban US HIV Care Centers of the NICHD-ATN-CDC-HRSA SMILE Collaborative.
Article in Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999), 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 55 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
55 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Systematic Review of mHealth Interventions for Adolescent and Young Adult HIV Prevention and the Adolescent HIV Continuum of Care in Low to Middle Income Countries.AIDS and behavior · 2023Pooled it
- Adolescent and young adult research across the HIV prevention and care continua: an international programme analysis and targeted review.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2023Pooled it
- Technology-Based Interventions to Increase Point-of-Care HIV Testing and Linkage to Care Among Youth in the US: A Systematic Review.AIDS and behavior · 2021Pooled it
- Increasing Sustained Viral Suppression Among Youth Living with HIV: A Randomized Controlled Trial of Stepped Care Intervention.AIDS and behavior · 2025Trial
- Randomized Controlled Trial of a Remote Coaching mHealth Adherence Intervention in Youth Living with HIV.AIDS and behavior · 2022Trial
- The ATEAM study: Advances in technology to enhance PrEP adherence monitoring (ATEAM) among young men who have sex with men.Clinical and translational science · 2022Trial
- Point-of-care viral load testing among adolescents and young adults living with HIV in Haiti: a randomized control trial.AIDS care · 2022Trial
- Correlates of High HIV Viral Load and Antiretroviral Therapy Adherence Among Viremic Youth in the United States Enrolled in an Adherence Improvement Intervention.AIDS patient care and STDs · 2021Trial
- Correlates of Self-Reported Viral Suppression Among HIV-Positive, Young, Black Men Who Have Sex With Men Participating in a Randomized Controlled Trial of An Internet-Based HIV Prevention Intervention.Sexually transmitted diseases · 2018Trial
- Black and Latinx Foreign- and US-Born Young and Emerging Adults Living with HIV: Examining Social Ecological Risk Factors and Their Association with Depression, Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), and Comorbid Depression/PTSD.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Article
- Youths' satisfaction with youth-friendly services and its relationship with retention in HIV care and viral load suppression at a tertiary hospital in Enugu State: a retrospective cross-sectional study with retrospective record review.BMC health services research · 2026Article
- Description of the Intervention for Virological Suppression in Youth with HIV (iVY): A telehealth behavioral intervention focused on mental health, substance use, and HIV care engagement among youth living with HIV.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Beyond knowledge deficits: social visibility, family dynamics, and delayed initiation among people living with HIV in Southwestern China-a descriptive phenomenological study.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Clarifying dissemination outcomes: a taxonomy to advance dissemination science.Implementation science : IS · 2026Article
- Testing a Web-Based Parent-Focused HIV Prevention Intervention for Gay and Bisexual Adolescents: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial.JMIR research protocols · 2026Article
- Insights from a trend analysis of HIV indicators using Population-based HIV Impact Assessment (PHIA) surveys in Zimbabwe.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Electronic Dose Monitoring Feedback (EMF) with Youth Living with HIV: Qualitative Exploration of Reactions to Viewing Dosing Calendars.AIDS and behavior · 2025Article
- Centering Youth Voice in the Adaptation of an mHealth Intervention for Young Adults With HIV in South Texas, United States: Human-Centered Design Approach.JMIR formative research · 2025Article
- Risk Factors for Viral Non-suppression Among Youth Living with HIV in Nigeria: Findings from the iCARE Nigeria Study.AIDS and behavior · 2025Article
- A mixed methods descriptive study of a diverse cohort of African American/Black and Latine young and emerging adults living with HIV: Sociodemographic, background, and contextual factors.BMC public health · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAlmost one-quarter of all new HIV diagnoses in the United States occur among persons aged 13-24 years. These youths have the poorest HIV care continuum (HCC) outcomes, yet few empirical youth-specific data are available.
methodsThe Strategic Multisite Initiative for the Identification, Linkage, and Engagement in Care of HIV-infected youth (SMILE) helped HIV-infected (mostly newly diagnosed) youth, aged 12-24 years, link to youth-friendly care, and evaluated each milestone of the HCC (October 2012-September 2014). Numbers of HIV-infected youth referred, linked, engaged, and retained in care were recorded, along with sociodemographics. Viral suppression (VS) was defined as ≥1 HIV viral load (VL) below the level of detection on study. Correlates of VS were examined using Cox proportional hazards models.
resultsAmong 1411 HIV-infected youth, 1053 (75%) were linked, 839 (59%) engaged, and 473 (34%) retained in care at adolescent health care sites. Antiretroviral therapy was initiated among 474 (34%), and 166 (12%) achieved VS. Predictors of VS included lower VL at baseline [aHR 1.56 (95% CI: 1.32-1.89), P < 0.0001], recent antiretroviral therapy receipt [aHR 3.10 (95% CI: 1.86-5.18), P < 0.0001], and shorter time from HIV testing until referral to linkage coordinator [aHR 2.52 (95% CI: 1.50-4.23), P = 0.0005 for 7 days to 6 weeks and aHR 2.08 (95% CI: 1.08-4.04), P = 0.0294 for 6 weeks to 3 months compared with >3 months].
conclusionsAlthough this large national sample of predominately newly diagnosed youths linked to care at similar rates as adults, they achieved disproportionately lower rates of VS. Prompt referral to youth-friendly linkage services was an independent predictor of VS. Youth-focused interventions are urgently needed to improve their HCC outcomes.
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