ArticleAddiction (Abingdon, England)2020
The association of criminal justice supervision setting with overdose mortality: a longitudinal cohort study.
Article in Addiction (Abingdon, England), 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 43 citations in OpenAlex.
- Explaining the Differences in Opioid Overdose Deaths between Scotland and England/Wales: Implications for European Opioid Policies.European addiction research · 2021Pooled it
- Description of implementing a mail-based overdose education and naloxone distribution program in community supervision settings during COVID-19.Journal of substance use and addiction treatment · 2025Trial
- History of Naloxone Possession Among Rural and Urban Individuals Participating in Prison-Based Treatment: An Observational Study.Substance use & addiction journal · 2026Observational
- Differences in Risk of Substance Use Disorder between Age Groups among Adults with Lifetime Criminal Legal Involvement in the U.S.Journal of health care for the poor and underserved · 2026Article
- Probation as a targeted entry point for scaling up opioid agonist therapies in Moldova using a modified screening, brief intervention and referral to treatment strategy.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- Allocative efficiency analysis of strategies to reduce overdose deaths among people with opioid use disorder and history of incarceration in Connecticut.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Factors contributing to the expansion of medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD) within the New Hampshire Department of Corrections (NHDOC).Health & justice · 2025Article
- Leveraging the science of implementation: the case for specialized mental health community supervision.BMC global and public health · 2025Review
- The U.S. Criminal Legal System and Population Health.Current epidemiology reports · 2025Article
- Medications for OUD: Extended-Release Naltrexone.Current addiction reports · 2025Article
- Modeling Recovery Housing Retention and Program Outcomes by Justice Involvement among Residents in Virginia, USA: An Observational Study.International journal of offender therapy and comparative criminology · 2024Observational
- Disparities in Medication Use for Criminal Justice System-Referred Opioid Use Disorder Treatment.JAMA health forum · 2024Article
- Extended-release buprenorphine induction in opioid non-tolerant incarcerated individuals.Drug and alcohol dependence reports · 2024Article
- Transitions of care between jail-based medications for opioid use disorder and ongoing treatment in the community: A retrospective cohort study.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2024Article
- Association between willingness to use an overdose prevention center and probation or parole status among people who use drugs in Rhode Island.Harm reduction journal · 2024Article
- "When people who use drugs can't differentiate between medical care and cops, it's a problem." Compounding risks of law Enforcement Harassment & Punitive Healthcare Policies.Health & justice · 2024Article
- "Catching Chain" With Medicaid: The Impact of Medicaid Access on Opioid Overdose Mortality in Adults Released From State Detention.Psychiatric research and clinical practice · 2024Article
- Record linkage studies of drug-related deaths among adults who were released from prison to the community: a scoping review.BMC public health · 2023Article
- Facilitators and barriers to collaboration between drug courts and community-based medication for opioid use disorder providers.Journal of substance use and addiction treatment · 2023Article
- Types of criminal legal system exposure and polysubstance use: Prevalence and correlates among U.S. adults in the National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2015-2019.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
aimsDespite the high prevalence of substance use among people in the US criminal justice system, little is known about the incidence of overdose mortality by use patterns, drug convictions and supervision setting. We examined the associations between these characteristics and overdose mortality.
designRetrospective cohort study. SETTING AND
participantsIndividuals sentenced to prison, jail, probation or jail plus probation for a felony conviction in Michigan, USA from 2003 to 2006. MEASUREMENTS: Using the National Death Index, we assessed overdose mortality to December 2012. We calculated overdose mortality rates by pre-sentence opioid use, drug convictions and supervision setting. Multivariable analyses were conducted using competing risks regression with time-varying covariates.
findingsAmong 140 266 individuals followed over a mean of 7.84 years [standard deviation (SD) = 1.52], 14.9% of the 1131 deaths were due to overdose (102.8 per 100 000 person-years). Over the follow-up, more than half of overdose deaths occurred in the community (57.7%), nearly a third (28.8%) on probation and 12.8% on parole. The adjusted risk of overdose death was lower on probation [hazard ratio (HR) = 0.71, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.60, 0.85] than in the community without probation or parole (HR = 1.00) but not significantly different on parole (HR = 1.13, 95% CI = 0.87, 1.47). Pre-sentence daily opioid use (HR = 3.54, 95% CI = 3.24, 3.87) was associated with an increased risk. Drug possession (HR = 1.11, 95% CI = 0.93, 1.31) and delivery convictions (HR = 0.92, 95% CI = 0.77, 1.09) were not significantly associated with overdose mortality.
conclusionsBased on the absolute or relative risk, parole, probation and community settings are appropriate settings for enhanced overdose prevention interventions. Ensuring that individuals with pre-sentence opioid use have access to harm reduction and drug treatment services may help to prevent overdose among people involved with the criminal justice system.
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Registered trials
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