ArticleACR open rheumatology2020
Intravenous Anakinra for Macrophage Activation Syndrome May Hold Lessons for Treatment of Cytokine Storm in the Setting of Coronavirus Disease 2019.
Article in ACR open rheumatology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 46 citations in OpenAlex.
- Interferon-γ as a predictive biomarker for macrophage activation syndrome in systemic JIA: a chinese multicenter study.Clinical rheumatology · 2026Article
- Article
- Safety of intravenous use of anakinra in pediatric inflammatory conditions: a retrospective multicenter study.Pediatric rheumatology online journal · 2026Article
- COVID-19 as a trigger of Guillain-Barré syndrome: A review of the molecular mechanism.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2023Review
- Use of anakinra in the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 severe respiratory infection.Reumatologia clinica · 2023Article
- [Use of anakinra in the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 severe respiratory infection].Reumatologia clinica · 2023Article
- Antiviral Potential of Plants against COVID-19 during Outbreaks-An Update.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- The Role of Exposomes in the Pathophysiology of Autoimmune Diseases II: Pathogens.Pathophysiology : the official journal of the International Society for Pathophysiology · 2022Review
- Anakinra in Paediatric Rheumatology and Periodic Fever Clinics: Is the Higher Dose Safe?Frontiers in pediatrics · 2022Article
- Anakinra as a potential alternative in the treatment of severe acute respiratory infection associated with SARS-CoV-2 refractory to tocilizumab.Reumatologia clinica · 2021Article
- Therapeutic approaches for SARS-CoV-2 infection.Methods (San Diego, Calif.) · 2021Review
- The cytokine storms of COVID-19, H1N1 influenza, CRS and MAS compared. Can one sized treatment fit all?Cytokine · 2021Review
- Prevalence of COVID-19 and seroprevalence to SARS-CoV-2 in a rheumatologic patient population from a tertiary referral clinic in Israel.Internal medicine journal · 2021Article
- Pharmacological mechanism of immunomodulatory agents for the treatment of severe cases of COVID-19 infection.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2021Review
- Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2-Induced Immune Activation and Death of Monocyte-Derived Human Macrophages and Dendritic Cells.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2021Article
- COVID-19 and autoimmune diseases.Current opinion in rheumatology · 2021Review
- Coronavirus disease 2019: investigational therapies in the prevention and treatment of hyperinflammation.Expert review of clinical immunology · 2020Review
- A review of medications used to control and improve the signs and symptoms of COVID-19 patients.European journal of pharmacology · 2020Review
- SARS-CoV-2 in multiple myeloma: initial observation and management.Leukemia & lymphoma · 2020Article
- Treatment of children with COVID-19: position paper of the Italian Society of Pediatric Infectious Disease.Italian journal of pediatrics · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) and hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) are increasingly recognized as being on a continuum of cytokine storm syndromes, with different initiating pathways culminating in cytotoxic dysfunction and uncontrolled activation and proliferation of T lymphocytes and macrophages. The activated immune cells produce large amounts of proinflammatory cytokines, including interleukin 1β (IL)-1β. Management depends on the recognized diagnosis. In the setting of a cytokine storm syndrome and infection, collaborative involvement of specialists, including infectious disease and rheumatology is ideal. Anakinra, a recombinant IL-1 receptor antagonist, has been used subcutaneously and intravenously in pediatric patients and is considered a first-line treatment for MAS and secondary HLH (sHLH) among many pediatric rheumatologists. Previous reports of anakinra used in adults for treatment of MAS or sHLH are limited to subcutaneous administration. In this issue, Moneagudo et al. present a series of adult patients with sHLH treated with intravenous anakinra, including patients in whom subcutaneous anakinra was insufficient. As the authors suggest, there is a potential therapeutic use for anakinra in sHLH or the cytokine storm syndrome triggered by COVID19. Trial design will be key, with the patient subpopulation, timing of intervention, and doses tested important.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.