ArticleFrontiers in immunology2020
Heightened Levels of Antimicrobial Response Factors in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Review
- Microbial threads in the tapestry of rheumatoid arthritis.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2025Review
- More than a leaky gut: how gut priming shapes arthritis.Nature reviews. Rheumatology · 2025Review
- Gut Microbiota Mediator Level and Its Relation to Disease Activity in Ankylosing Spondylitis.Archives of rheumatology · 2025Article
- Evidence of Site-Specific Mucosal Autoantibody Secretion in Rheumatoid Arthritis.Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2025Article
- Identifcation of candidate biomarkers for polyarteritis nodosa using data-independent acquisition mass spectrometry.American journal of translational research · 2025Article
- Re-evaluation of dietary interventions in rheumatoid arthritis: can we improve patient conversations around food choices?Rheumatology international · 2024Review
- Exploring scavenger receptor class F member 2 and the importance of scavenger receptor family in prediagnostic diseases.Toxicological research · 2023Review
- Article
- Brief report: Assessment of mucosal barrier integrity using serological biomarkers in preclinical stages of rheumatoid arthritis.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- In rheumatoid arthritis patients, total IgA1 and IgA2 levels are elevated: implications for the mucosal origin hypothesis.Rheumatology (Oxford, England) · 2022Article
- The biological activity of serum bacterial lipopolysaccharides associates with disease activity and likelihood of achieving remission in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.Arthritis research & therapy · 2022Article
- Differential effects of periodontal microbiome on the rheumatoid factor induction during rheumatoid arthritis pathogenesis.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Characterization of serum biomarkers and antibody responses againstFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Article
- Individuals at risk for rheumatoid arthritis harbor differential intestinal bacteriophage communities with distinct metabolic potential.Cell host & microbe · 2021Article
- The Role of Nutritional Factors and Intestinal Microbiota in Rheumatoid Arthritis Development.Nutrients · 2020Review
- Confirmation and Identification of Biomarkers Implicating Environmental Triggers in the Pathogenesis of Type 1 Diabetes.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic progressive autoimmune disease leading to considerable disability over time. The disease can be characterized by the presence of multiple autoantibodies in the serum and synovial fluid. Microbial dysbiosis is proposed to play a role in the pathogenesis of RA. Increased systemic bacterial exposure leads to elevated levels of antimicrobial response factors (ARFs) in the circulation. In the present study, we tested whether RA patients have increased levels of ARFs by analyzing the levels of multiple ARFs in serum from RA patients and healthy age and sex-matched controls. The levels of soluble CD14 (sCD14), lysozyme, and CXCL16 were significantly elevated in RA patients compared to healthy controls. Lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP) levels remained unchanged in RA patients compared to healthy controls. A positive correlation of LBP with rheumatoid factor (RF) was also found in RA subjects. Interestingly, the levels of anti-endotoxin core antibodies (EndoCAb) IgM, total IgM, EndoCAb IgA, and total IgA were significantly elevated in RA patients compared to healthy controls. No significant changes in the levels of EndoCAb IgG and total IgG were observed in RA patients compared to healthy controls. Furthermore, lysozyme and CXCL16 levels were positively correlated with disease severity among RA subjects. Increases in the levels of several ARFs and their correlations with clinical indices suggest systemic microbial exposure in the RA cohort. Modulation of microbial exposure may play an important role in disease pathogenesis in individuals with RA.
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