ArticleFrontiers in microbiology2020
Drug Resistance Mutations Against Protease, Reverse Transcriptase and Integrase Inhibitors in People Living With HIV-1 Receiving Boosted Protease Inhibitors in South Africa.
Article in Frontiers in microbiology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- Current ARTs, Virologic Failure, and Implications for AIDS Management: A Systematic Review.Viruses · 2023Pooled it
- Patterns of Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor Resistance Mutations in People Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Libreville, Gabon.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2025Article
- Article
- HIV-1 drug resistance and genetic transmission networks among patients with sexually transmitted HIV in Ningxia, China.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Understanding Drug Resistance of Wild-Type and L38HL Insertion Mutant of HIV-1 C Protease to Saquinavir.Genes · 2023Article
- Identification of human immunodeficiency virus -1 E protein-targeting lead compounds by pharmacophore based screening.Saudi medical journal · 2022Article
- Pre-Treatment Integrase Inhibitor Resistance and Natural Polymorphisms among HIV-1 Subtype C Infected Patients in Ethiopia.Viruses · 2022Article
- The evolution of the HIV-1 protease folding stability.Virus evolution · 2022Article
- Magnitude and predictors of HIV-Drug resistance in Africa: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2022Article
- Acquired HIV drug resistance and virologic monitoring in a HIV hyper-endemic setting in KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa.AIDS research and therapy · 2021Article
- Interaction analysis of statistically enriched mutations identified in Cameroon recombinant subtype CRF02_AG that can influence the development of Dolutegravir drug resistance mutations.BMC infectious diseases · 2021Article
- Acquired HIV-1 Protease Conformational Flexibility Associated with Lopinavir Failure May Shape the Outcome of Darunavir Therapy after Antiretroviral Therapy Switch.Biomolecules · 2021Article
- Increased acquired protease inhibitor drug resistance mutations in minor HIV-1 quasispecies from infected patients suspected of failing on national second-line therapy in South Africa.BMC infectious diseases · 2021Article
- Structural Comparison of Diverse HIV-1 Subtypes using Molecular Modelling and Docking Analyses of Integrase Inhibitors.Viruses · 2020Article
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7 authors at 4 institutions in 4 countries.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The South African national combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) roll-out program started in 2006, with over 4.4 million people accessing treatment since it was first introduced. HIV-1 drug resistance can hamper the success of cART. This study determined the patterns of HIV-1 drug-resistance associated mutations (RAMs) in People Living with HIV-1 (PLHIV-1). Receiving first (for children below 3 years of age) and second-line (for adults) cART regimens in South Africa. During 2017 and 2018, 110 patients plasma samples were selected, 96 samples including those of 17 children and infants were successfully analyzed. All patients were receiving a boosted protease inhibitor (bPI) as part of their cART regimen. The viral sequences were analyzed for RAMs through genotypic resistance testing. We performed genotypic resistance testing (GRT) for Protease inhibitors (PIs), Reverse transcriptase inhibitors (RTIs) and Integrase strand transfer inhibitors (InSTIs). Viral sequences were subtyped using REGAv3 and COMET. Based on the PR/RT sequences, HIV-1 subtypes were classified as 95 (99%) HIV-1 subtype C (HIV-1C) while one sample as 02_AG. Integrase sequencing was successful for 89 sequences, and all the sequences were classified as HIV-1C (99%, 88/89) except one sequence classified CRF02_AG, as observed in PR/RT. Of the 96 PR/RT sequences analyzed, M184V/I (52/96; 54%) had the most frequent RAM nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI). The most frequent non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) RAM was K103N/S (40/96, 42%). Protease inhibitor (PI) RAMs M46I and V82A were present in 12 (13%) of the sequences analyzed. Among the InSTI major RAM two (2.2%) sequences have Y143R and T97A mutations while one sample had T66I. The accessory RAM E157Q was identified in two (2.2%). The data indicates that the majority of the patients failed on bPIs didn't have any mutation; therefore adherence could be major issue in these groups of individuals. We propose continued viral load monitoring for better management of infected PLHIV.
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