ArticleJournal of otolaryngology - head & neck surgery = Le Journal d'oto-rhino-laryngologie et de chirurgie cervico-faciale2020
Assessment of a virtual reality temporal bone surgical simulator: a national face and content validity study.
Article in Journal of otolaryngology - head & neck surgery = Le Journal d'oto-rhino-laryngologie et de chirurgie cervico-faciale, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed.
- Optimizing Skull Base Anatomy Education: Qualitative Insights From Learner Interaction With 2D, Monoscopic 3D, and Virtual Reality Models.Laryngoscope investigative otolaryngology · 2026Article
- Models for Training in Pediatric Otologic Surgery: A Systematic Review.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Critical Anatomy-Preserving & Terrain-Augmenting Navigation (CAPTAiN): Application to Laminectomy Surgical Education.IEEE transactions on medical robotics and bionics · 2025Article
- Alternative Modalities for Temporal Bone Training in Otolaryngology: A Systematic Review.Journal of otology · 2025Review
- Evaluation of a 3D Printed Silicone Oral Cavity Cancer Model for Surgical Simulations.Journal of personalized medicine · 2024Article
- Use of a Caprine Model for Simulation and Training of Endoscopic Ear surgery.The journal of international advanced otology · 2023Article
- The user experience design of a novel microscope within SurgiSim, a virtual reality surgical simulator.International journal of computer assisted radiology and surgery · 2023Article
- [Development and application of a laryngeal dissection simulator for microphonosurgical training].Lin chuang er bi yan hou tou jing wai ke za zhi = Journal of clinical otorhinolaryngology head and neck surgery · 2020Article
- Correction to: Assessment of a virtual reality temporal bone surgical simulator: a national face and content validity study.Journal of otolaryngology - head & neck surgery = Le Journal d'oto-rhino-laryngologie et de chirurgie cervico-faciale · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundTrainees in Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery must gain proficiency in a variety of challenging temporal bone surgical techniques. Traditional teaching has relied on the use of cadavers; however, this method is resource-intensive and does not allow for repeated practice. Virtual reality surgical training is a growing field that is increasingly being adopted in Otolaryngology. CardinalSim is a virtual reality temporal bone surgical simulator that offers a high-quality, inexpensive adjunct to traditional teaching methods. The objective of this study was to establish the face and content validity of CardinalSim through a national study.
methodsOtolaryngologists and resident trainees from across Canada were recruited to evaluate CardinalSim. Ethics approval and informed consent was obtained. A face and content validity questionnaire with questions categorized into 13 domains was distributed to participants following simulator use. Descriptive statistics were used to describe questionnaire results, and either Chi-square or Fishers exact tests were used to compare responses between junior residents, senior residents, and practising surgeons.
resultsSixty-two participants from thirteen different Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery programs were included in the study (32 practicing surgeons; 30 resident trainees). Face validity was achieved for 5 out of 7 domains, while content validity was achieved for 5 out of 6 domains. Significant differences between groups (p-value of < 0.05) were found for one face validity domain (realistic ergonomics, p = 0.002) and two content validity domains (teaching drilling technique, p = 0.011 and overall teaching utility, p = 0.006). The assessment scores, global rating scores, and overall attitudes towards CardinalSim, were universally positive. Open-ended questions identified limitations of the simulator.
conclusionCardinalSim met acceptable criteria for face and content validity. This temporal bone virtual reality surgical simulation platform may enhance surgical training and be suitable for patient-specific surgical rehearsal for practicing Otolaryngologists.
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Registered trials
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