ReviewPathogens (Basel, Switzerland)2020
A Systematic Review of Studies Published between 2016 and 2019 on the Effectiveness and Efficacy of Pneumococcal Vaccination on Pneumonia and Invasive Pneumococcal Disease in an Elderly Population.
Review in Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland), 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Effectiveness and impact of 7 and 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccines in Chinese children: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Pooled it
- Impact of influenza, herpes zoster, and pneumococcal vaccinations on the incidence of cardiovascular events in subjects aged over 65 years: a systematic review.GeroScience · 2023Pooled it
- Risk-of-bias assessment of vaccine effectiveness studies: a scoping review of systematic reviews.Epidemiology and infection · 2026Article
- A narrative review on the effectiveness of PPSV23 vaccination in adults in China.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Review
- Trends of serotypes and resistance among Streptococcus pneumoniae in the UK and Ireland (1999-2019).The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2025Article
- Real world effectiveness of antipneumococcal vaccination against pneumonia in adults: a population-based cohort study, Catalonia, 2019.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Article
- Advancements in alternative approaches to address antimicrobial resistance in bacterial pneumonia: a comprehensive review.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Review
- Preventing pneumococcal infections in patients with hematological malignancies: a review of evidence and recommendations based on modified Delphi consensus.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Review
- Cost-Effectiveness of the Pneumococcal Vaccine in the Adult Population: A Systematic Review.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- A Structured Narrative Literature Review of the Broader Value of Adult Immunisation Programmes.Vaccines · 2024Review
- Gerontology in Public Health: A Scoping Review of Current Perspectives and Interventions.Cureus · 2024Article
- Review
- Pneumococcal serotypes and risk factors in adult community-acquired pneumonia 2018-20; a multicentre UK cohort study.The Lancet regional health. Europe · 2024Article
- Article
- Nanopore Sequencing Technology: A Reliable Method for Pathogen Diagnosis in Elderly Patients with Community-Acquired Pneumonia.Infection and drug resistance · 2024Article
- Cost-effectiveness of 20-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine compared with 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine among adults in a Norwegian setting.Cost effectiveness and resource allocation : C/E · 2023Article
- Incidence and risk factors of pneumococcal pneumonia in adults: a population-based study.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2023Article
- Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Efficacy and Effectiveness of Pneumococcal Vaccines in Adults.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Challenges in the Vaccination of the Elderly and Strategies for Improvement.Pathophysiology : the official journal of the International Society for Pathophysiology · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Adult vaccination is high on the agenda in many countries. Two different vaccines are available for the prevention of pneumococcal disease in adults: a 23-valent polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23), and a 13-valent conjugated vaccine (PCV13). The objective of this review is to update the evidence base for vaccine efficacy and effectiveness of PPV23 and PCV13 against invasive pneumococcal disease and pneumonia among an unselected elderly population. We systematically searched for clinical trials and observational studies published between January 1 2016 and April 17 2019 in Pubmed, Embase, Cinahl, Web of Science, Epistemonikos and Cochrane databases. Risk of bias was assessed using Cochrane Risk of Bias tool for and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Results were stratified by vaccine type and outcome. We identified nine studies on PCV13 and six on PPV23. No new randomized clinical trials were identified. Due to different outcomes, it was not possible to do a meta-analysis. New high-quality observational studies indicate protective vaccine effectiveness for both vaccines against vaccine type pneumonia. Our estimates for the protective vaccine efficacy and effectiveness (VE) of PPV23 on pneumonia and pneumococcal pneumonia overlap with results from previously published reviews. Some of the results indicate that the effectiveness of the PPV23 is best in younger age groups, and that it decreases over time.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.