ArticleOpen forum infectious diseases2020
Getting Personal: How Childhood Vaccination Policies Shape the Landscape of Vaccine Exemptions.
Article in Open forum infectious diseases, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed.
- Social Identities and Vaccine Exemptions in the United States: The Role of Religiosity, Partisanship, and Vaccine Hesitancy.Journal of community health · 2026Article
- Socioeconomic Differences in Vaccination Coverage After a Mandatory Vaccination Law, 1855-1900.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- Review
- Spatial clustering in vaccination hesitancy: The role of social influence and social selection.PLoS computational biology · 2022Article
- Preventable Disease, the Case of Colorado: School District Demographics and Childhood Immunizations.Vaccines · 2022Article
- The Long-Term Success of Mandatory Vaccination Laws After Implementing the First Vaccination Campaign in 19th Century Rural Finland.American journal of epidemiology · 2022Article
- Vaccine Exemptions and the Risk of Continued Disease Outbreaks.Pediatrics · 2022Article
- The landscape of childhood vaccine exemptions in the United States.Scientific data · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundState-mandated school entry immunization requirements in the United States play an important role in achieving high vaccine coverage, but variations in vaccine exemption policies result in a patchwork of vaccine coverage across the country.
methodsIn this study, we evaluate epidemiological effects and spatial variations in nonmedical exemption (NME) rates in the context of vaccine policies. We first analyze the correlation between NME rates and vaccine coverage for 3 significant childhood vaccinations. Furthermore, we assess the effects of policy changes in a subset of states, using a correlative approach at the state level and performing a clustering analysis at the county level.
resultsWe find that higher rates of exemptions are associated with lower vaccination rates of school-aged children in all cases. In a subset of states where exemption policy has recently changed, we show that the effects on statewide NME rates vary widely and that decreases in NMEs can lead to an increase in other types of exemptions. Finally, our clustering analysis in California, Illinois, and Connecticut shows that policy changes affect the spatial distribution of NMEs.
conclusionsOur work suggests that vaccination policies have significant impacts on patterns of herd immunity. Our findings can be used to develop evidence-based vaccine legislation.
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