ArticleJournal of diabetes research2020
Early-Stage Diabetic Neuropathy Reduces Foot Strength and Intrinsic but Not Extrinsic Foot Muscle Size.
Article in Journal of diabetes research, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Effectiveness of Foot-Ankle Exercise and Walking Exercise on Foot Neuropathy, Stress, Quality of Life, Blood Sugar Markers, Blood Pressure, Ankle-Brachial Index, and BMI Among Diabetes Mellitus Patients
A Pilot Study of Feasibility and Exploratory Study for a Definitive Randomised Controlled Trial of Foot-Ankle Versus Walking Exercises in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus: Effects on Neuropathy, Stress, and Quality of Life
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Foot-ankle therapeutic exercise program can improve gait speed in people with diabetic neuropathy: a randomized controlled trial.Scientific reports · 2022Trial
- ANALYSIS OF INTRINSIC FOOT MUSCLE STRENGTH IN DIABETIC PATIENTS WITH AND WITHOUT DIABETIC PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY COMPARED WITH HEALTHY CONTROLS.Acta ortopedica brasileira · 2026Article
- Validity of MRI and Ultrasound Volume Measurements of Foot Muscles and Plantar Fascia Cross-Sectional Area Within Older Adults With and Without Chronic Plantar Fasciitis.Journal of foot and ankle research · 2025Article
- Quantitative ultrasonography of the foot muscles: a comprehensive perspective on reliability.Quantitative imaging in medicine and surgery · 2025Article
- Article
- Ultrasound evaluation and grading of neuromuscular disease in lower extremities among diabetic patients.American journal of translational research · 2024Article
- Potential predictive effect of mechanical properties of the plantar skin and superficial soft tissue, and vibration perception on plantar loading during gait in individuals with diabetes.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2023Article
- Predictive value of ultrasonography in polyneuropathy diagnosis: electrophysiological and ultrasonographic analysis.Rheumatology international · 2023Article
- Ultrasound of the plantar foot: a guide for the assessment of plantar intrinsic muscles.Journal of ultrasonography · 2023Article
- Current evidence regarding 2D ultrasonography monitoring of intrinsic foot muscle properties: A systematic review.Heliyon · 2023Review
- Development and Earliest Validation of a Portable Device for Quantification of Hallux Extension Strength (QuHalEx).Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- A Novel Intrinsic Foot Muscle Strength Dynamometer Demonstrates Moderate-To-Excellent Reliability and Validity.International journal of sports physical therapy · 2023Article
- Validity of ultrasound imaging for intrinsic foot muscle cross-sectional area measurements demonstrated by strong agreement with MRI.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2022Article
- Development of a customized booklet of foot-ankle exercises for people with diabetes mellitus as a management and prevention tool for musculoskeletal complications: A customized booklet of foot-ankle exercises for people with diabetes.Brazilian journal of physical therapyArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundTracking progression of diabetic peripheral polyneuropathy (DPN) is usually focused on sensory nerves and subjective testing methods. Recent studies have suggested that distal muscle atrophy may precede sensation loss. Methods to objectively measure distal muscle size and strength are needed to help understand how neuropathy affects muscle function. PURPOSE: To evaluate individual intrinsic and extrinsic foot muscle sizes and functional foot strength in participants with DPN.
methodsThirty individuals participated in this cross-sectional study (15 DPN and 15 matched controls). Sizes of 10 separate muscles of the lower leg and foot were measured using ultrasound imaging. Functional foot strength was also quantified using custom great toe and lateral toe flexion tests along with a doming test. Muscle size and strength metrics were compared between groups using ANOVAs and paired
resultsThe sizes of all four intrinsic foot muscles were smaller in individuals with DPN (
conclusionDiabetic peripheral polyneuropathy affects intrinsic muscles before extrinsics. Ultrasound imaging of individual muscles and functional toe flexion tests can be used clinically to monitor DPN progression and foot function. Participants need to be trained in the doming test before a relationship can be established between this test and DPN foot function. Future studies should include muscle quality measurements to better understand characteristics of affected muscles.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.