ArticlePharmacy practice
Good pharmacy practice assessment among community pharmacies in Lebanon.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Developing a quality framework for community pharmacy: a systematic review of international literature.BMJ open · 2024Pooled it
- Quality of pharmacy services and adherence to good pharmacy practice at points of sale in Punjab, Pakistan: A cross-sectional study.PloS one · 2026Article
- Knowledge, practices, and recognition ability of counterfeit medicines among lebanese community pharmacists during concurrent national crises.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Pharmacist-led vaccination services in the Middle East.Journal of pharmaceutical policy and practice · 2023Review
- Understanding the Risk Factors and Stressors Impacting Optimal Work Practices in New Zealand Pharmacies: A S.H.E.L.L Model Analysis.Pharmacy (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Pharmacy education and workforce: strategic recommendations based on expert consensus in Lebanon.Journal of pharmaceutical policy and practice · 2023Article
- Adherence to Good Pharmacy Practices by Community Pharmacies in Lebanon and Opportunities for Quality Improvement: It is Time to Act.Integrated pharmacy research & practice · 2023Article
- Developing a national pharmaceutical research strategy in Lebanon: opportunities to bridge the gaps and reach the goals.Journal of pharmaceutical policy and practice · 2022Article
- Public views of community pharmacy services during the COVID-19 pandemic: a national survey.Journal of pharmaceutical policy and practice · 2022Article
- The current trends and challenges towards good community pharmacy practice and the way forward.Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy · 2022Review
- Antibiotic Dispensation without a Prescription Worldwide: A Systematic Review.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Review
- Pharmacists' Medication Counseling Practices and Knowledge and Satisfaction of Patients With an Outpatient Hospital Pharmacy Service.Inquiry : a journal of medical care organization, provision and financingArticle
- An Educational Intervention to Strengthen Community Pharmacy Practice in Nepal.Inquiry : a journal of medical care organization, provision and financingArticle
- Customers' satisfaction toward drugstore facilities and services based on the good pharmacy practice standard in Thailand.Pharmacy practiceArticle
- Primary health care policy and vision for community pharmacy and pharmacists in Lebanon.Pharmacy practiceArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveThis study aims to assess good pharmacy practice (GPP) aspects and compare GPP scores among community pharmacies in Lebanon, using a tool developed jointly by the International Pharmaceutical Federation (FIP) and the World Health Organization (WHO) to improve and maintain standards of pharmacy practice.
methodsData collection was carried out between July and October 2018 by a team of 10 licensed inspectors who work at the Lebanese Order of Pharmacists (OPL) and visited community pharmacies across Lebanon. The questionnaire was adapted to the Lebanese context and included 109 questions organized under five sections: socio-demographics, Indicator A (data management and data recording), Indicator B (services and health promotion), Indicator C (dispensing, preparation and administration of medicines), and Indicator D (storage and facilities). The value of 75% was considered as the cutoff point for adherence to indicators.
resultsOut of 276 pharmacies visited, a total of 250 (90.58%) pharmacists participated in the study with one pharmacist being interviewed in every pharmacy. Results showed that 18.8% of pharmacists were generally adherents to GPP guidelines (scores above the 75% cutoff): 23.3% were adherent to indicator A, 21.6% to indicator B, 14.8% to indicator C and 13.2% to indicator D. Moreover, comparison of GPP scores across geographical regions revealed a higher adherence among community pharmacists working in the Beirut region compared to the North region, the South region, Mount Lebanon, and the Bekaa.
conclusionsOur study shows that community pharmacists in Lebanon do not fulfill GPP criteria set by FIP/WHO, and that this poor adherence is a trend across the country's geographical regions. Therefore, efforts should be made to raise awareness among pharmacists about the necessity to adhere to GPP guidelines and standards, and train them and support them appropriately to reach that goal. This is the first indicator-based comprehensive pilot assessment to evaluate GPP adherence in community pharmacies across Lebanon. Working on the optimization of this assessment tool is also warranted.
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