ArticleFrontiers in psychology2020
Lucid Dreaming, Nightmares, and Sleep Paralysis: Associations With Reality Testing Deficits and Paranormal Experience/Belief.
Article in Frontiers in psychology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prisoners of the Body: The Link Between Interoception and Sleep Paralysis.Journal of sleep research · 2026Article
- The Future of Parasomnias.Journal of sleep research · 2025Review
- The Illusory Health Beliefs Scale: preliminary validation using exploratory factor and Rasch analysis.Frontiers in psychology · 2024Article
- Prevalence and Clinical Characteristics of Sleeping Paralysis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Cureus · 2024Review
- Sleep Paralysis and Lucid Dreaming-Between Waking and Dreaming: A Review about Two Extraordinary States.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Review
- Self-Ascribed Paranormal Ability: Reflexive Thematic Analysis.Frontiers in psychology · 2022Article
- Variations in Well-Being as a Function of Paranormal Belief and Psychopathological Symptoms: A Latent Profile Analysis.Frontiers in psychology · 2022Article
- Paranormal Belief, Thinking Style and Delusion Formation: A Latent Profile Analysis of Within-Individual Variations in Experience-Based Paranormal Facets.Frontiers in psychology · 2021Article
- Differences in Cognitive-Perceptual Factors Arising From Variations in Self-Professed Paranormal Ability.Frontiers in psychology · 2021Article
- Paranormal Experience Profiles and Their Association With Variations in Executive Functions: A Latent Profile Analysis.Frontiers in psychology · 2021Article
- The Relationship Between Mental Toughness, Job Loss, and Mental Health Issues During the COVID-19 Pandemic.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2020Article
- The prevalence of sleep paralysis in medical students in Buenos Aires, Argentina.Journal of neurosciences in rural practiceArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Focusing on lucid dreaming, this paper examined relationships between dissociated experiences related to rapid eye movement (REM) sleep (lucid dreaming, nightmares, and sleep paralysis), reality testing, and paranormal experiences/beliefs. The study comprised a UK-based online sample of 455 respondents (110 males, 345 females,
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.