Evidence map›Paper›PMID 32255180›Full record

ArticleThe Journal of infectious diseases2020

The Impact of Different Types of Violence on Ebola Virus Transmission During the 2018-2020 Outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

John Daniel Kelly, Sarah Rae Wannier, Cyrus Sinai, Caitlin A Moe, Nicole A Hoff, Seth Blumberg, Bernice Selo, Mathais Mossoko, Gerardo Chowell-Puente, James Holland Jones and 7 more

Open access · hybridAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in The Journal of infectious diseases, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
0.2field-weighted citation impact, top 35% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed, 15 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

17 authors at 11 institutions in 2 countries.

John Daniel KellyDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
Sarah Rae WannierDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
Cyrus SinaiDepartment of Geography, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.
Caitlin A MoeDepartment of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Nicole A HoffSchool of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Seth BlumbergF. I. Proctor Foundation, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
Bernice SeloMinistry of Health, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo.
Mathais MossokoMinistry of Health, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo.
Gerardo Chowell-PuenteDepartment of Population Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
James Holland JonesDepartment of Earth Systems Science, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.
Emile Okitolonda-WemakoySchool of Public Health, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo.
George W RutherfordDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
Thomas M LietmanDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
Jean Jacques Muyembe-TamfumNational Institute of Biomedical Research, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo.
Anne W RimoinSchool of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Travis C PorcoDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
Eugene T RichardsonHarvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
University of California, San Francisco · USMinistry of Public Health · CDSan Francisco Foundation · USUniversity of California, Los Angeles · USBrigham and Women's Hospital · USGeorgia State University · USHarborview Injury Prevention and Research Center · USNational Institute of Biomedical Research · CDStanford University · USUniversity of Kinshasa · CDUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill · US

Funding

Ebola modeling: behavior, asymptomatic infection, and contacts (2019-nCoV Admin Supplement)R01GM130900 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI PORCO, TRAVIS CHRISTIAN · 2019 to 2022
$1.6M
Social Epidemiology of Ebola Virus DiseaseK08AI139361 · NIAID · HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL · PI RICHARDSON, EUGENE THOMAS · 2019 to 2022
$751k
Understanding the epidemiology and natural history of unrecognized Ebola virus infectionK23AI146268 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI KELLY, JOHN DANIEL · 2019 to 2022
$748k
NIAID NIH HHS K08 AI139361NIAID NIH HHS K23 AI146268NIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM130900
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundOur understanding of the different effects of targeted versus nontargeted violence on Ebola virus (EBOV) transmission in Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) is limited.

methodsWe used time-series data of case counts to compare individuals in Ebola-affected health zones in DRC, April 2018-August 2019. Exposure was number of violent events per health zone, categorized into Ebola-targeted or Ebola-untargeted, and into civilian-induced, (para)military/political, or protests. Outcome was estimated daily reproduction number (Rt) by health zone. We fit linear time-series regression to model the relationship.

resultsAverage Rt was 1.06 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02-1.11). A mean of 2.92 violent events resulted in cumulative absolute increase in Rt of 0.10 (95% CI, .05-.15). More violent events increased EBOV transmission (P = .03). Considering violent events in the 95th percentile over a 21-day interval and its relative impact on Rt, Ebola-targeted events corresponded to Rt of 1.52 (95% CI, 1.30-1.74), while civilian-induced events corresponded to Rt of 1.43 (95% CI, 1.21-1.35). Untargeted events corresponded to Rt of 1.18 (95% CI, 1.02-1.35); among these, militia/political or ville morte events increased transmission.

conclusionsEbola-targeted violence, primarily driven by civilian-induced events, had the largest impact on EBOV transmission.

Indexed as

Disease OutbreaksGeographic MappingArmed ConflictsCivil DisordersDemocratic Republic of the CongoEbolavirusHemorrhagic Fever, EbolaHumansAfricaDemocratic Republic of the CongoEbola virus diseasetransmissionviolence

Identifiers

PMID32255180
PMCPMC7661768
OpenAlexW3014214154

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.