Trial reportNature medicine2020
Neoadjuvant immunotherapy leads to pathological responses in MMR-proficient and MMR-deficient early-stage colon cancers.
Trial report in Nature medicine, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 7 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 815 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neoadjuvant Immune Checkpoint Inhibition and Novel IO Combinations in Early-stage Colon Cancer (Amended Protocol of: Nivolumab, Ipilimumab and COX2-inhibition in Early Stage Colon Cancer: an Unbiased Approach for Signals of Sensitivity: The NICHE TRIAL)
TremelImumab aNd Durvalumab Combination For the Non-operatIve Management (NOM) of Microsatellite InstabiliTY (MSI)-High Resectable Gastric or Gastroesophageal Junction Cancer: The Multicentre, Single-arm, Multi-cohort, Phase II INFINITY Study.
Phase Ⅱ Clinical Trial of Neoadjuvant Arterial Embolization Chemotherapy Combined Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor for Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer: A Single Arm Prospective Sturdy
PD-1 Antibody Adjuvant Therapy for Patients With MSI-H Advanced Gastric or Gastroesophageal Junction Cancer After Radical Surgery With D2 Dissection: a Phase II Single-center, Three-arm, Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
Window-of-opportunity Study of Chemo-immunotherapy in Patients With Resectable Merkel Cell Carcinoma Prior to Surgery: the MERCURY Trial
Study on the Clinical Potential of Circulating Tumor DNA in Advanced or Locally Advanced dMMR/MSI-H Colorectal Patients Treated With Immunotherapy
A Multicenter, Prospective, Phase II Clinical Trial of Short-Course Radiotherapy Followed by QL1706 Plus mFOLFOX6 as Total Neoadjuvant Therapy for Patients With pMMR/MSS Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer
Who cites it
815 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 1,351 citations in OpenAlex.
- Tumor characteristics impact prognosis in deficient mismatch repair/microsatellite instability-high localized colorectal cancer-a systematic review and meta-analysis.JNCI cancer spectrum · 2026Pooled it
- Updated pan-tumor guidelines for neoadjuvant scoring of pathologic response: a joint SITC and INMC effort.Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology · 2026Guideline
- Discordance between radiological and pathological response to neoadjuvant immunotherapy in mismatch repair-deficient/microsatellite instability-high colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- Neoadjuvant Immune Checkpoint Inhibition in MSI-H/dMMR Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review of Prospective Trials Evaluating Efficacy, Pathologic Response, and Surgical Outcomes.Journal of gastrointestinal cancer · 2025Pooled it
- Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy with or without preoperative immunotherapy for locally advanced rectal cancer: a system review and meta-analysis.Updates in surgery · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy with or without PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in locally advanced rectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC cancer · 2025Pooled it
- Association of HRD Score With Efficacy of Neoadjuvant Short-Course Radiotherapy Plus Sequential Chemoimmunotherapy in pMMR Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer.Cancer reports (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2026Trial
- Copanlisib in combination with nivolumab formicrosatellite stable colorectal cancer: a phase 1/2 trial.Nature communications · 2026Trial
- Neoadjuvant Pembrolizumab in Stages I-III Deficient Mismatch Repair Colon Cancer: A Clinical Trial.Annals of surgery · 2026Trial
- Neoadjuvant ipilimumab plus nivolumab in melanoma: 5-year survival and biomarker analysis from the phase 2 PRADO-trial.Nature medicine · 2026Trial
- Three-Year Follow-Up of Neoadjuvant Tislelizumab with Chemotherapy in Locally Advanced Gastric and Gastroesophageal Junction Adenocarcinoma: Revealing Cancer-Associated Fibroblast Heterogeneity Corresponding to PD-1 Blockade Efficacy.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Trial
- Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy plus sintilimab in proficient mismatch repair locally advanced rectal cancer with intermediate/high-immunoscore (SILAR): a single-arm phase II trial.Nature communications · 2026Trial
- Short-Course Radiotherapy-Based Total Neoadjuvant Therapy plus Tislelizumab for Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer (Neo-STAR): Early Outcomes of a Randomized Phase II Trial.Cancer communications (London, England) · 2026Trial
- Trial
- Development of the rationale of a personalized cancer vaccine based on the in situ vaccine effect of radiotherapy: a mechanistic study of the POLARSTAR trial.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2025Trial
- Neoadjuvant tislelizumab with afatinib for locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (neoCHANCE-1): a phase 2 clinical trial.Nature communications · 2025Trial
- Toripalimab, bevacizumab, and irinotecan in dMMR/MSI locally advanced colorectal cancer: First-stage results from a phase 1b/2 trial.Cell reports. Medicine · 2025Trial
- Neoadjuvant chemotherapy with FOLFOXIRI for high-risk relapsed locally advanced colon cancer: a single-arm phase II trial.ESMO open · 2025Trial
- Dual Immune Checkpoint Inhibition Plus Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy in Rectal Cancer: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2025Trial
755 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
28 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
PD-1 plus CTLA-4 blockade is highly effective in advanced-stage, mismatch repair (MMR)-deficient (dMMR) colorectal cancers, yet not in MMR-proficient (pMMR) tumors. We postulated a higher efficacy of neoadjuvant immunotherapy in early-stage colon cancers. In the exploratory NICHE study (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03026140), patients with dMMR or pMMR tumors received a single dose of ipilimumab and two doses of nivolumab before surgery, the pMMR group with or without celecoxib. The primary objective was safety and feasibility; 40 patients with 21 dMMR and 20 pMMR tumors were treated, and 3 patients received nivolumab monotherapy in the safety run-in. Treatment was well tolerated and all patients underwent radical resections without delays, meeting the primary endpoint. Of the patients who received ipilimumab + nivolumab (20 dMMR and 15 pMMR tumors), 35 were evaluable for efficacy and translational endpoints. Pathological response was observed in 20/20 (100%; 95% exact confidence interval (CI): 86-100%) dMMR tumors, with 19 major pathological responses (MPRs, ≤10% residual viable tumor) and 12 pathological complete responses. In pMMR tumors, 4/15 (27%; 95% exact CI: 8-55%) showed pathological responses, with 3 MPRs and 1 partial response. CD8
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.