Observational studyClinical and experimental dental research2020
Salivary concentrations of Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacilli during an orthodontic treatment. An observational study comparing fixed and removable orthodontic appliances.
Observational study in Clinical and experimental dental research, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 52 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
52 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 66 citations in OpenAlex.
- Impact of Clear Aligners on the Oral Microbiome: A Systematic Review of Current Evidence.Clinical and experimental dental research · 2026Pooled it
- Pooled it
- White spot lesions, plaque accumulation and salivary caries-associated bacteria in clear aligners compared to fixed orthodontic treatment. A systematic review and meta- analysis.BMC oral health · 2023Pooled it
- Assessment of the periodontal health status and gingival recession during orthodontic treatment with clear aligners and fixed appliances: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Medicina oral, patologia oral y cirugia bucal · 2023Pooled it
- Impact of Aligners and Fixed Appliances on Oral Health during Orthodontic Treatment: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Oral health & preventive dentistry · 2021Pooled it
- Impact of Z-spring appliance and clear aligner therapy on oral microorganisms in children: A clinical trial.Saudi medical journal · 2025Trial
- Manual vs. interactive power toothbrush on plaque removal and salivary Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus casei levels : Single-center, examiner-blinded, randomized clinical trial in orthodontic patients.Journal of orofacial orthopedics = Fortschritte der Kieferorthopadie : Organ/official journal Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Kieferorthopadie · 2024Trial
- Salivary parameters in individuals undergoing orthodontic treatment with clear aligners: a scoping review.Evidence-based dentistry · 2026Article
- An Integrated Care Pathway for Pediatric Oral Health: Baseline Multicenter Analysis of Dental Caries, Malocclusions, and Oral Hygiene in Three Italian Regions.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Patient satisfaction with at-home dental bleaching using Vivera or Essix retainers: a randomised clinical trial.BMC oral health · 2026Article
- Microbial and periodontal shifts induced by orthodontic appliances: a comparative clinical study.Acta odontologica Scandinavica · 2026Article
- Evaluating the Impact of Clear Dental Aligners on Dental and Periodontal Conditions, Oral Microbial Patterns, and the Immune System.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2026Review
- Oral Microbiome Analysis and Caries Risk Classification Using the Caries Management by Risk Assessment System in Pre-Orthodontic Patients.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Effect of Surface Wettability and Energy on Bacterial Adhesion to Dental Aligners: A Comparative In Vitro Study.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Comparison of Oral Microbial Profile Among Patients Undergoing Clear Aligner and Fixed Orthodontic Therapies for the Treatment of Malocclusions: An Updated Review.Dentistry journal · 2025Review
- Efficacy and Predictability of Maxillary and Mandibular Dental Arch Expansion with Clear Aligners in Prepuberal Subjects: A Digital Retrospective Analysis.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Comparative Study of Proximal Caries Formation and Decay, Missing, Filled Teeth Scores in Clear Aligners and Fixed Orthodontic Treatments.Turkish journal of orthodontics · 2025Article
- Review
- Perception of Dental Caries Risk and Preventive Strategies Among Orthodontic Patients: A Cross-Sectional Survey.Cureus · 2025Article
- Investigation of the cleaning performance of commercial orthodontic cleaning tablets regarding biofilm removal on PMMA test specimens : An ex vivo study.Journal of orofacial orthopedics = Fortschritte der Kieferorthopadie : Organ/official journal Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Kieferorthopadie · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
aimThis study aimed to investigate salivary concentrations of Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) and some Lactobacilli, and plaque index (PI) in patients wearing fixed versus removable orthodontic appliances.
methodsA sample of 90 orthodontic patients (56 males and 34 females) was included in the study: 30 subjects (aged 21.5±1.5 years) were treated with removable clear aligners (CA), while for other 30 cases (aged 23.3±1.6 years) a fixed multibrackets appliance (MB) were utilized, and 30 patients (aged 18.2 ±1.5 years) wearied a removable positioner (RP). Salivary concentrations of S. mutans and Lactobacilli and PI were evaluated prior to start of the orthodontic treatment, after 3 months and 6 months.
resultsAfter 6 months, 40% of MB patients (12 subjects over 30) showed a concentration of S. mutans associated to high risk of developing tooth decay (CFU/ml>10
conclusionsComparing all the data, while, after 6 months, only about 10% of CA patients and 13.3% of RP patients achieved a microbial colonization which may lead to high risk of caries development, about 40% of MB patients - and 20% after 3 months - showed a high level of vulnerability to developing caries, which require additional strategies for plaque control and microbial colonization to be employed.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.