ArticleJournal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD2020
Costs of Early Stage Alzheimer's Disease in the United States: Cross-Sectional Analysis of a Prospective Cohort Study (GERAS-US)1.
Article in Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 50 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
50 citing papers in PubMed, 69 citations in OpenAlex.
- Long-Term Income and Productivity Losses in Individuals With Early-Onset Dementia: Evidence From 15 Years Preceding the Diagnosis.Neurology · 2026Article
- Estimated labor market outcomes of people progressing from preclinical to early-stage Alzheimer's disease in the United States.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- Value-based prices of emerging disease-modifying therapies for Alzheimer's disease in 174 countries: a cost-effectiveness and threshold analysis.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- Evaluating dementia risk prediction in mild cognitive impairment: an early health technology assessment of the AI-Mind tool.GeroScience · 2026Article
- Real-world analysis of medication adherence and cost of care for comorbid conditions in patients with early Alzheimer's disease in the U.S.Neurodegenerative disease management · 2026Article
- Measuring health spillover effects in household members of adolescents and elderly individuals with health issues in China.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2026Article
- Association between environmental mold exposure and mild cognitive impairment in older adults: a case-control study.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Formal and Informal Care Utilization in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Mild Dementia due to Alzheimer's Disease: Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Analyses of RUD-Lite Data from the Tauriel Study.Dementia and geriatric cognitive disorders · 2025Article
- Employment, volunteering, and health-related resource use in pre-symptomatic AD: Results from the Anti-Amyloid Treatment in Asymptomatic Alzheimer's Disease (A4) study.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Article
- Global Societal Burden of Alzheimer's Disease by Severity: a Targeted Literature Review.Neurology and therapy · 2025Review
- Real-world health care costs and resource utilization associated with mild cognitive impairment in the United States: A retrospective cohort study of commercial and Medicare data.Journal of managed care & specialty pharmacy · 2025Article
- Rationale and design of a randomized controlled trial evaluating the effects of blueberry consumption versus placebo on brain health in older adults.Contemporary clinical trials · 2025Article
- The economic burden of subjective cognitive decline, mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's dementia: excess costs and associated clinical and risk factors.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2025Article
- The costs of dementia care by US state: Medical spending and the cost of unpaid caregiving.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2025Article
- Annual societal cost of Alzheimer's disease in Malaysia: a micro-costing approach.BMC geriatrics · 2025Article
- Costs of Care in Relation to Alzheimer's Disease Severity in Sweden: A National Registry-Based Cohort Study.PharmacoEconomics · 2025Article
- Estimating the Economically Justifiable Price of Limited-Duration Treatment with Donanemab for Early Symptomatic Alzheimer's Disease in the United States.Neurology and therapy · 2024Article
- Cognitive Function and the Consumption of Probiotic Foods: A National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Study.Nutrients · 2024Article
- Preclinical Dementia and Economic Well-Being Trajectories of Racially Diverse Older Adults.Journal of aging and health · 2024Article
- Testing the 'Faith Moves Mountains model' to increase Alzheimer's disease awareness, detection, and diagnosis among rural, racially, and ethnically diverse older adults.Aging & mental health · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundCosts associated with early stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD; mild cognitive impairment [MCI] and mild dementia [MILD]) are understudied.
objectiveTo compare costs associated with MCI and MILD due to AD in the United States.
methodsData included baseline patient/study partner medical history, healthcare resource utilization, and outcome assessments as part of a prospective cohort study. Direct, indirect, and total societal costs were derived by applying standardized unit costs to resources for the 1-month pre-baseline period (USD2017). Costs/month for MCI and MILD cohorts were compared using analysis of variance models. To strengthen the confidence of diagnosis, amyloid-β (Aβ) tests were included and analyses were replicated stratifying within each cohort by amyloid status [+ /-].
resultsPatients (N = 1327) with MILD versus MCI had higher total societal costs/month ($4243 versus $2816; p < 0.001). These costs were not significantly different within each severity cohort by amyloid status. The largest fraction of overall costs were informal caregiver costs (45.1%) for the MILD cohort, whereas direct medical patient costs were the largest for the MCI cohort (39.0%). Correspondingly, caregiver time spent on basic activities of daily living (ADLs), instrumental ADLs, and supervision time was twice as high for MILD versus MCI (all p < 0.001).
conclusionEarly AD poses a financial burden, and despite higher functioning among those with MCI, caregivers were significantly impacted. The major cost driver was the patient's clinical cognitive-functional status and not amyloid status. Differences were primarily due to rising need for caregiver support.
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