ArticleJournal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD2020
Cognitive Correlates of Digital Clock Drawing Metrics in Older Adults with and without Mild Cognitive Impairment.
Article in Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 47 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
47 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Digital Clock Drawing as an Alzheimer's Disease Susceptibility Biomarker: Associations with Genetic Risk Score and APOE in Older Adults.The journal of prevention of Alzheimer's disease · 2024Pooled it
- An Effective Test (EOmciSS) for Screening Older Adults With Mild Cognitive Impairment in a Community Setting: Development and Validation Study.Journal of medical Internet research · 2023Trial
- Defining neurocognitive constructs underlying visual attention in mild cognitive impairment and dementia using digital assessment technology.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2026Article
- Predicting cognitive impairment using novel functional features of spatial proximity and circularity in the digital clock drawing test.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Streamlining Eligibility Assessment for Alzheimer's Disease-Modifying Therapies: Prediction of MMSE Scores Using the Digital Clock and Recall.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Higher Amyloid and Tau Burden Is Associated With Faster Decline on a Digital Cognitive Test.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2026Article
- Role of the Clock Drawing Test in Differential Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease: Clinical Findings in Relation to CSF Biomarkers.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Retrospective validation of SATURN, a public domain self-administered cognitive screening test.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- Streamlining eligibility assessment for Alzheimer's disease-modifying therapies: Prediction of MMSE scores using the digital clock and recall.Frontiers in digital health · 2026Article
- Concurrent detection of cognitive impairment and amyloid positivity with a multimodal machine learning-enabled digital cognitive assessment.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2025Article
- The role of lipids in the effect of APOE2 on cognitive function: a causal mediation analysis.European journal of epidemiology · 2025Article
- Perioperative Artificial Intelligence Driven Integrated Modeling of Surgeries using Anesthetic, Physical and Cognitive Statuses for Predicting Hospital Outcomes.Research square · 2025Article
- Precision neurocognition: An emerging diagnostic paradigm leveraging digital cognitive assessment technology.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2025Review
- Limited Evidence to Review-Is There an Association Between Cognition and Upper Extremity Motor Reaction Time in Older Adults?NeuroSci · 2025Review
- Effectiveness of digital screening tools in detecting cognitive impairment among community-dwelling elderly in Northern China: A large cohort study.The journal of prevention of Alzheimer's disease · 2025Article
- Causal mediation analysis of the neuroprotection ofmedRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Article
- Technology engagement in enhancing memory functionality in elderly care centers.Journal of education and health promotion · 2025Article
- Differential cognitive functioning in the digital clock drawing test in AD-MCI and PD-MCI populations.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2025Article
- Detection of Mild Cognitive Impairment Through Hand Motor Function Under Digital Cognitive Test: Mixed Methods Study.JMIR mHealth and uHealth · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundA digital version of the clock drawing test (dCDT) provides new latency and graphomotor behavioral measurements. These variables have yet to be validated with external neuropsychological domains in non-demented adults.
objectiveThe current investigation reports on cognitive constructs associated with selected dCDT latency and graphomotor variables and compares performances between individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and non-MCI peers.
methods202 non-demented older adults (age 68.79 ± 6.18, 46% female, education years 16.02 ± 2.70) completed the dCDT and a comprehensive neuropsychological protocol. dCDT variables of interest included: total completion time (TCT), pre-first hand latency (PFHL), post-clock face latency (PCFL), and clock face area (CFA). We also explored variables of percent time drawing (i.e., 'ink time') versus percent time not drawing (i.e., 'think time'). Neuropsychological domains of interest included processing speed, working memory, language, and declarative memory.
resultsAdjusting for age and premorbid cognitive reserve metrics, command TCT positively correlated with multiple cognitive domains; PFHL and PCFL negatively associated with worse performance on working memory and processing speed tests. For Copy, TCT, PCFL, and PFHL negatively correlated with processing speed, and CFA negatively correlated with language. Between-group analyses show MCI participants generated slower command TCT, produced smaller CFA, and required more command 'think' (% Think) than 'ink' (% Ink) time.
conclusionCommand dCDT variables of interest were primarily processing speed and working memory dependent. MCI participants showed dCDT differences relative to non-MCI peers, suggesting the dCDT may assist with classification. Results document cognitive construct validation to digital metrics of clock drawing.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.