ReviewAllergy2020
Epicutaneous sensitization in the development of food allergy: What is the evidence and how can this be prevented?
Review in Allergy, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 127 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
127 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 253 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effect of Dupilumab on Allergen-Specific IgE Levels and Clinical Tolerance in Patients with Food Allergy: A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Pooled it
- Environmental exposures and atopic dermatitis: an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses.Frontiers in public health · 2026Pooled it
- Association of frequent moisturizer use in early infancy with the development of food allergy.The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology · 2021Trial
- Multimodal protective and susceptibility clusters in paediatric atopic dermatitis: A machine learning-based, data-driven observational study.PLoS medicine · 2026Observational
- Context-dependent regulation of mast cell-mediated food allergy in C57BL/6J mice.The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology · 2026Article
- Atopic dermatitis/eczema phenotypes and their association with food allergy: a nationwide birth cohort study in Japan.European journal of pediatrics · 2026Article
- Atopic dermatitis.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2026Review
- Bridging Rare to Common Diseases: Precision Medicine and the Transforming Landscape of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology.Pediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology · 2026Review
- A novel ambient air sampler for detection of allergens and endotoxin.The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. Global · 2026Article
- Demonstration of Gliadin Penetration into the Epidermis by Tape Stripping as Prerequisite for Percutaneous Sensitisation in Wheat Allergy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Environmental food allergen levels in the homes of 3-4-month-old infants: findings from the second phase Chiba study of mother and child health (2nd C-MACH).Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Timing of Allergenic Food Introduction in Infants, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study.Nutrients · 2026Article
- Association between maternal dietary isoflavone consumption during pregnancy and childhood food allergy in offspring: The Japan Environment and Children's study.Pediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology · 2026Article
- Phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) Inhibitor in Atopic Dermatitis: Impact of Nanocrisaborole on Biopharmaceutical Performance and Treatment Outcomes.Mini reviews in medicinal chemistry · 2026Review
- Prevalence and indoor environment risk factors of parent-reported food allergy symptoms among preschool children in Haikou City, China: a cross-sectional survey.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Hospital-based patterns of allergen sensitization among 19,787 patients with suspected allergic diseases in Ningbo, China.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Risk Factors Associated With Major Skin Diseases: A Cross-Sectional Study From Bangladesh.Global health, epidemiology and genomics · 2026Article
- Deep phenotyping of infants and toddlers undergoing food oral immunotherapy (DINOSAUR): design and baseline characteristics of a prospective multi-omics cohort.Frontiers in allergy · 2026Article
- Article
- S. aureus exposure during cutaneous antigen sensitization causes basophil- and interleukin-4-dependent exaggerated food anaphylaxis.Immunity · 2025Article
67 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
There is increasing evidence regarding the importance of allergic sensitization through the skin. In this review, we provide an overview of the atopic march and immune mechanism underlying the sensitization and effector phase of food allergy. We present experimental models and human data that support the concept of epicutaneous sensitization and how this forms one half of the dual-allergen exposure hypothesis. We discuss specific important elements in the skin (FLG and other skin barrier gene mutations, Langerhans cells, type 2 innate lymphoid cells, IL-33, TSLP) that have important roles in the development of allergic responses as well as the body of evidence on environmental allergen exposure and how this can sensitize an individual. Given the link between skin barrier impairment, atopic dermatitis, food allergy, allergic asthma, and allergic rhinitis, it is logical that restoring the skin barrier and prevention or treating atopic dermatitis would have beneficial effects on prevention of related allergic diseases, particularly food allergy. We present the experimental and human studies that have evaluated this approach and discuss various factors which may influence the success of these approaches, such as the type of emollient chosen for the intervention, the role of managing skin inflammation, and differences between primary and secondary prevention of atopic dermatitis to achieve the desired outcome.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.