ArticleThe Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism2020
Novel Roles of Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine in Graves' Orbitopathy Therapy by Targeting Orbital Fibroblasts.
Article in The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association between rheumatoid arthritis and thyroid dysfunction: A meta-analysis and systematic review.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Pooled it
- Higher serum IgG4 levels correlate with better quality of life in mild Graves' orbitopathy: a preliminary report.Endocrine connections · 2026Article
- TSHR-Targeting Nucleic Acid Aptamer Treats Graves' Ophthalmopathy via Novel Allosteric Inhibition.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Article
- 2'-O-Galloylhyperin Prevents Tissue Remodeling in Thyroid Eye Disease: Prospects as a Thyrotropin Receptor Antagonist.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2025Article
- Butyrate Ameliorates Graves' Orbitopathy Through Regulating Orbital Fibroblast Phenotypes and Gut Microbiota.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- Novel perspectives on the pharmacological treatment of thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Review
- The role of autophagy in Graves disease: knowns and unknowns.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2024Review
- The Potential of Artemisinins as Novel Treatment for Thyroid Eye Disease by Inhibiting Adipogenesis in Orbital Fibroblasts.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2023Article
- Article
- Autophagy in graves' ophthalmopathy.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2023Review
- Understanding Pathogenesis Intersects With Effective Treatment for Thyroid Eye Disease.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2022Article
- Disulfiram Exerts Antifibrotic and Anti-Inflammatory Therapeutic Effects on Perimysial Orbital Fibroblasts in Graves' Orbitopathy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Hydroxychloroquine Alleviates EAU by Inhibiting Uveitogenic T Cells and Ameliorating Retinal Vascular Endothelial Cells Dysfunction.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Graves' Disease and Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization Study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2021Article
- Thyroid disorders and SARS-CoV-2 infection: From pathophysiological mechanism to patient management.Annales d'endocrinologie · 2020Review
- Novel Roles of Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine in Graves' Orbitopathy Therapy by Targeting Orbital Fibroblasts.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
contextGraves' orbitopathy (GO) causes infiltrative exophthalmos by inducing excessive proliferation, adipogenesis, and glycosaminoglycan production in orbital fibroblasts (OFs). Interference with OF autophagy is a potential therapy for proptosis.
objectivesHere, we aimed to evaluate the effects of chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), the autophagy inhibitors commonly used in clinical practice, on OFs. DESIGN/SETTING/
participantsOFs isolated from patients with GO (GO-OFs) or control individuals (non-GO-OFs) were cultured in proliferation medium (PM) or subjected to differentiation medium. OFs were treated with CQ or HCQ (0, 0.5, 2, and 10 μM), and subsequently examined in vitro.
main outcome measuresCCK-8, EdU incorporation, and flow cytometry assays were used to assess cellular viability. Adipogenesis was assessed with Western blot analysis, real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) , and Oil Red O staining. Hyaluronan production was determined by real-time PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Autophagy flux was detected through red fluorescent protein (RFP)-green fluorescent protein (GFP)-LC3 fluorescence staining and Western blot analyses.
resultsCQ/HCQ halted proliferation and adipogenesis in GO-OFs in a concentration-dependent manner through blockage of autophagy, phenotypes that were not detected in non-GO-OFs. The inhibitory effect of CQ/HCQ on hyaluronan secretion of GO-OFs was also concentration dependent, mediated by downregulation of hyaluronan synthase 2 rather than hyaluronidases. Moreover, CQ (10 μM) induced GO-OF apoptosis without aggravating oxidative stress.
conclusionsThe antimalarials CQ/HCQ affect proliferation, adipogenesis, and hyaluronan generation in GO-OFs by inhibiting autophagy, providing evidence that they can be used to treat GO as autophagy inhibitors.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.