ReviewArchives of toxicology2020
Designer drugs: mechanism of action and adverse effects.
Review in Archives of toxicology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 104 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
104 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 243 citations in OpenAlex.
- Research hotspots and trends on illicit drugs: a bibliometric and visualized analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Pooled it
- The ASAM/AAAP Clinical Practice Guideline on the Management of Stimulant Use Disorder.Journal of addiction medicineGuideline
- The 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine enhances early visual processing for salient socio-emotional stimuli.The European journal of neuroscience · 2024Trial
- Histomorphometric Effects of Thymoquinone and High-Frequency Vibration on Bone Formation During Retention After Rapid Palatal Expansion: A Controlled Rat Study.Orthodontics & craniofacial research · 2026Article
- Neurotoxicity of Synthetic Cannabinoid Receptor Agonist Cumyl-PINACA: An In Vitro Study on Rat Cortical Neurons and Astrocytes.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Prevalence, Patterns and Implications of Chemsex Substance Use Among Gay and Bisexual Men Who Have Sex With Men: A Cohort-Collaboration Between the Swiss HIV Cohort Study and the SwissPrEPared Study.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2026Article
- Subjective and neurocognitive profiling of clinical doses of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) in healthy volunteers: implications for therapeutic use.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Review
- αMolecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Acute Toxicity of Three Synthetic Cannabinoids: First In Vivo Preclinical Study.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Comparative stability assessment of novel LSD analogs in dry blood spots and blood using UHPLC-MS/MS: implications for forensic applications.Forensic toxicology · 2026Article
- The Synthetic Cannabinoid AKB-48 Induces Cell Death in Murine Cerebellum Through Different Signaling Pathways.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- The 4-alkyl chain length of 2,5-dimethoxyamphetamines differentially affects in vitro serotonin receptor actions versus in vivo psychedelic-like effects.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- 4,4'-DMARFrontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Article
- Abuse Potential and Neurotoxic Effects of the Synthetic Cannabinoid 4F-ABUTINACA Self-Administration in Adult Male Rats.Addiction biology · 2026Article
- Exploring MDMA assisted therapy in eating disorders: mechanisms, clinical evidence, and future directions.Journal of eating disorders · 2025Review
- Clinical and toxicological epidemiology of intoxications by new psychoactive substances in Reunion Island.International journal of emergency medicine · 2025Article
- Prolintane analogs as hybrid monoamine transporter ligands: Structural determinants and species differences.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2025Article
- 3-CMC: Acute Effects in Male and Female Mice, Human Intoxication Case Series (Italy, 2014-2025), and Prediction of ADMET Properties.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Kappa opioid receptor antagonism restores phosphorylation, trafficking and behavior induced by a disease-associated dopamine transporter variant.Molecular psychiatry · 2025Article
- Tail-less precursors in synthetic cannabinoid production: investigating a clandestine laboratory, seized samples, and CBArchives of toxicology · 2025Article
44 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Psychoactive substances with chemical structures or pharmacological profiles that are similar to traditional drugs of abuse continue to emerge on the recreational drug market. Internet vendors may at least temporarily sell these so-called designer drugs without adhering to legal statutes or facing legal consequences. Overall, the mechanism of action and adverse effects of designer drugs are similar to traditional drugs of abuse. Stimulants, such as amphetamines and cathinones, primarily interact with monoamine transporters and mostly induce sympathomimetic adverse effects. Agonism at μ-opioid receptors and γ-aminobutyric acid-A (GABA
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Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.