Observational studyJournal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine2020
The relationship between smartphone overuse and sleep in younger children: a prospective cohort study.
Observational study in Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 53 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association between smartphone addiction, suicidal ideation and suicide attempt: a systematic review.PeerJ · 2026Pooled it
- Dose-response analysis of smartphone usage and self-reported sleep quality: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine · 2023Pooled it
- Mediating role of sleep duration in the association between problematic media use and sleep disturbance in children with neurodevelopmental disabilities.Irish journal of medical science · 2026Article
- Smartphone Addiction and Dry Eye Disease in Children: Exploring the Mediating Role of Sleep Disturbance.Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists) · 2026Article
- The Relationship Between State Boredom and Sleep-Wake Disruptions: A Mediation Model via Smartphone Addiction and Bedtime Procrastination.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026Article
- An Association Among Problematic Smartphone Use, Sleep Quality, Behavioral Engagement and Academic Achievements: A Multiple Mediation Model Based on Large-Scale Data.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Smartphone Ownership, Age of Smartphone Acquisition, and Health Outcomes in Early Adolescence.Pediatrics · 2026Article
- Neural Correlates of Personality Traits in Adolescents Exhibiting Excessive Smartphone Use: A Resting-State FMRI Study.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Studying the effects of digital arts-based interventions on teenagers' social media usage, brain connectivity, and mental health: study protocol of the SMART project.European journal of psychotraumatology · 2025Article
- Associations Between Both Smartphone Addiction and Objectively Measured Smartphone Use and Sleep Quality and Duration Among University Students: Cross-Sectional Study.JMIR mental health · 2025Article
- Moderated mediation model of the association between problematic smartphone use and dry eye disease within Moroccan adolescents.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Electronic device usage pattern is associated with sleep disturbances in adolescents: a latent class analysis.European journal of pediatrics · 2025Article
- Smartphone addiction and sleep quality in the physical activity-anxiety link: a mediation-moderation model.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Investigation on the association between college students' smartphone-related behaviors and sleep quality during COVID-19.PloS one · 2025Article
- The prevalence of smartphone addiction and its related risk factors among Palestinian high school students: a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- Effects of multidisciplinary therapy on energy balance, inflammation, and metabolic diseases in adolescents with obesity: A narrative review.Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · 2024Review
- Associations between sleep problems and emotional/behavioural difficulties in healthy children and adolescents.BMC pediatrics · 2024Article
- Gender and Age Differences in the Relationship Between Smartphone Addiction and Sleep Duration in Korean Children: A Panel Quantile Regression Study.Psychology research and behavior management · 2024Article
- The effect of Internet use on body weight in Chinese adolescents: Evidence from a nationally longitudinal survey.PloS one · 2024Article
- Screen time, mealtime media use, and dietary behaviors in Korean preschoolers : a cross-sectional study.Korean journal of community nutrition · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
STUDY
objectivesYounger children and adolescents are exposed to various smart devices in the modern world, and their use of smart devices is rapidly increasing worldwide. Although smart devices have often been considered to have negative effects on sleep of children and adolescents, such effects have not been studied among younger children. Sleep is considered particularly important for learning and memory, and also has implications for emotional regulation and behavior. Therefore, this study was conducted to examine the effects of smartphone overuse on sleep in 5- to 8-year-old children.
methodsParticipants were from the Kids Cohort for Understanding of Internet Addiction Risk Factors in Early Childhood (K-CURE) Study, an observational prospective cohort study in Korea. Smartphone screen time and total sleep time were assessed using parental questionnaires. Sleep problems of children were assessed using the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ). Analysis of covariance was used to examine the association between smartphone overuse and sleep habits in children. All statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS version 21.0 (IBM Corporation, Armonk, NY).
resultsTotal sleep time of the smartphone overuse group (smartphone use over 1 hour daily) was shorter than that of the control group (F = 6.362, P < .05). Children in the smartphone overuse group showed statistically significant higher scores in the CSHQ total score and nocturnal awakening subscale score (P < .05).
conclusionsExcessive smartphone use was related to shorter total sleep time in children. Use of a smartphone was also associated with significant reductions in the quality of sleep in younger children.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.