ArticleDevelopmental science2020
The gaze bias effect in toddlers: Preliminary evidence for the developmental study of visual decision-making.
Article in Developmental science, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Comparing feedback learning and arousal responses in Down, Fragile X, and Williams syndromes.NPJ science of learning · 2026Article
- Facilitating animacy perception by manipulating stimuli exposure time.Frontiers in psychology · 2022Article
- When Eyes Wander Around: Mind-Wandering as Revealed by Eye Movement Analysis with Hidden Markov Models.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- The gaze bias effect in toddlers: Preliminary evidence for the developmental study of visual decision-making.Developmental science · 2020Article
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
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Abstract
Several studies have investigated the interactive relationship between attention and decision-making, which is known as the gaze bias effect. Although the generalizability of the gaze bias effect has recently been observed among young and older adults, it remains unknown in which developmental period individuals start to exhibit this relationship. This question was addressed in the current study by recruiting 58 toddlers aged 2-4 years. Participants were asked to do a two-alternative forced-choice task in which they chose one of two soft toys they preferred while their eye movements were recorded. Results demonstrated that toddlers exhibited gaze bias regardless of age. We also found that the number of gaze shifts during the task increased according to age. These results suggest that the interactive relationship between attention and decision is acquired by the age of two. The implications of the increased number of gaze shifts for visual decision-making are discussed.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.