ArticleMolecular metabolism2020
PPARγ and PPARα synergize to induce robust browning of white fat in vivo.
Article in Molecular metabolism, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 50 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
50 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 84 citations in OpenAlex.
- Thermogenic Differentiation of Human Adipocyte Precursors in Culture: A Systematic Review.Cells · 2025Pooled it
- Brown Adipose Tissue: Molecular Mechanisms of Regulation, Physiological Functions, and Therapeutic Targets.MedComm · 2026Review
- Phytocompounds That Target White Adipose Tissue for Weight Loss: A Review Spanning From Ucp1 Induction in Rodents to Human Clinical Trials.Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2026Review
- Article
- Molecular heterogeneity and differential metabolic signatures in thymic adipocytes.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Capsaicin supplementation modulates the nutrigenomic signature essential for energy metabolism in adipose tissue and liver of bisphenol-A exposed mice.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Article
- Cross-Talk Between Signaling and Transcriptional Networks Regulating Thermogenesis-Insights into Canonical and Non-Canonical Regulatory Pathways.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Review
- The DMHAdvanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- From endocrine to immune: therapeutic potential of brown adipose tissue in remodelling the cardiovascular immune microenvironment.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Suppression of adipocyte ABHD6 favors anti-inflammatory and adipogenic programs to preserve adipose tissue fitness in obesity.Molecular metabolism · 2025Article
- Dad's Diet Shapes the Future: How Paternal Nutrition Impacts Placental Development and Childhood Metabolic Health.Molecular nutrition & food research · 2025Review
- Nanomedicine targeting PPAR in adipose tissue macrophages improves lipid metabolism and obesity-induced metabolic dysfunction.Science advances · 2025Article
- Lipin-1 Drives Browning of White Adipocytes via Promotion of Brown Phenotype Markers.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Falcarindiol promotes beige adipocyte-related gene expression and mitochondrial respiration in human preadipocyte-derived adipocytes.Cytotechnology · 2025Article
- Unraveling the complexities of diet induced obesity and glucolipid dysfunction in metabolic syndrome.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2025Review
- Emerging debates and resolutions in brown adipose tissue research.Cell metabolism · 2025Review
- Zhuriheng pills improve adipose tissue dysfunction and inflammation by modulating PPARγ to stabilize atherosclerotic plaques.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- White adipose tissue browning and peroxisome proliferator activated receptors in MASLD.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Review
- The role of PPARγ in cancer cachexia: friend or foe?Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectivePeroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are key transcription factors that regulate adipose development and function, and the conversion of white into brown-like adipocytes. Here we investigated whether PPARα and PPARγ activation synergize to induce the browning of white fat.
methodsA selection of PPAR activators was tested for their ability to induce the browning of both mouse and human white adipocytes in vitro, and in vivo in lean and obese mice.
resultsAll dual PPARα/γ activators tested robustly increased uncoupling protein 1 (Ucp1) expression in both mouse and human adipocytes in vitro, with tesaglitazar leading to the largest Ucp1 induction. Importantly, dual PPARα/γ activator tesaglitazar strongly induced browning of white fat in vivo in both lean and obese male mice at thermoneutrality, greatly exceeding the increase in Ucp1 observed with the selective PPARγ activator rosiglitazone. While selective PPARγ activation was sufficient for the conversion of white into brown-like adipocytes in vitro, dual PPARα/γ activation was superior to selective PPARγ activation at inducing white fat browning in vivo. Mechanistically, the superiority of dual PPARα/γ activators is mediated at least in part via a PPARα-driven increase in fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21). Combined treatment with rosiglitazone and FGF21 resulted in a synergistic increase in Ucp1 mRNA levels both in vitro and in vivo. Tesaglitazar-induced browning was associated with increased energy expenditure, enhanced insulin sensitivity, reduced liver steatosis, and an overall improved metabolic profile compared to rosiglitazone and vehicle control groups.
conclusionsPPARγ and PPARα synergize to induce robust browning of white fat in vivo, via PPARγ activation in adipose, and PPARα-mediated increase in FGF21.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.