ArticlePhysica medica : PM : an international journal devoted to the applications of physics to medicine and biology : official journal of the Italian Association of Biomedical Physics (AIFB)2020
The TOPAS tool for particle simulation, a Monte Carlo simulation tool for physics, biology and clinical research.
Article in Physica medica : PM : an international journal devoted to the applications of physics to medicine and biology : official journal of the Italian Association of Biomedical Physics (AIFB), 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 115 papers.
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Who cites it
115 citing papers in PubMed.
- First-in-Human Study of the Carbohydrate NanoparticleJournal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine · 2026Trial
- G4DARI: an intuitive graphical interface for Monte Carlo radiation dose calculation using GATE/GEANT4.Radiation protection dosimetry · 2026Article
- A standardized measurement-based approach to estimate modelled relative biological effectiveness for auditing carbon ion beams.Physics and imaging in radiation oncology · 2026Article
- A Target-Specific, "Eco-Friendly" Experimental Setup for Small Field Proton Irradiation.International journal of particle therapy · 2026Article
- IntratumoralACS omega · 2026Article
- Feasibility of convection-enhanced delivery of unlabeledMedical physics · 2026Article
- An ion treatment planning framework for inclusion of nanodosimetric ionization detail through cluster dose.Medical physics · 2026Article
- TOPAS-nBio simulation of the impact of ultrahigh dose rate and oxygen concentration on the Fenton reaction using the Fricke solution.Medical physics · 2026Article
- Development of a GPU-based dose calculation engine for MRI-guided proton therapy.Medical physics · 2026Article
- FLASH effect tissue sparing comparison for X-ray, hadron, and VHEE irradiation modalities.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Volumetric FLASH dosimetryPhysics in medicine and biology · 2026Article
- Evaluation of radiation damage effects of low-energy Auger and conversion electrons emitted byScientific reports · 2026Article
- Range of Normalized Glandular Dose for Mammography Using Patient-Specific Glandular Fractions.ArXiv · 2026Article
- Development of a 3D-printed canine head phantom for veterinary radiotherapy.Radiological physics and technology · 2026Article
- Mid-range arc therapy for efficient and RBE-robust proton treatment.Physics in medicine and biology · 2026Article
- Ultra-high dose rate dependent modeling of plasmid DNA damage with TOPAS-nBio.Physics in medicine and biology · 2026Article
- Comparative evaluation of the Mayo Clinic Florida microdosimetric kinetic model and mMKM for carbon ion treatment planning: A matRad-based analysis.Journal of applied clinical medical physics · 2026Article
- Radioluminescence 3D dose reconstruction for FLASH and conventional radiotherapy.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Electron transport (0.2 eV-10 keV) in liquid water: resolving discrepancies between track simulations and radiolysis data.RSC advances · 2026Article
- The impact of microsphere deposition algorithm complexity on microdosimetry following Yttrium-90 radioembolization.Biomedical physics & engineering express · 2026Article
55 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
purposeThis paper covers recent developments and applications of the TOPAS TOol for PArticle Simulation and presents the approaches used to disseminate TOPAS. MATERIALS AND
methodsFundamental understanding of radiotherapy and imaging is greatly facilitated through accurate and detailed simulation of the passage of ionizing radiation through apparatus and into a patient using Monte Carlo (MC). TOPAS brings Geant4, a reliable, experimentally validated MC tool mainly developed for high energy physics, within easy reach of medical physicists, radiobiologists and clinicians. Requiring no programming knowledge, TOPAS provides all of the flexibility of Geant4.
resultsAfter 5 years of development followed by its initial release, TOPAS was subsequently expanded from its focus on proton therapy physics to incorporate radiobiology modeling. Next, in 2018, the developers expanded their user support and code maintenance as well as the scope of TOPAS towards supporting X-ray and electron therapy and medical imaging. Improvements have been achieved in user enhancement through software engineering and a graphical user interface, calculational efficiency, validation through experimental benchmarks and QA measurements, and either newly available or recently published applications. A large and rapidly increasing user base demonstrates success in our approach to dissemination of this uniquely accessible and flexible MC research tool.
conclusionsThe TOPAS developers continue to make strides in addressing the needs of the medical community in applications of ionizing radiation to medicine, creating the only fully integrated platform for four-dimensional simulation of all forms of radiotherapy and imaging with ionizing radiation, with a design that promotes inter-institutional collaboration.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.