SynthesisDiabetes & metabolic syndrome
Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of COVID-19 with or without diabetes: A systematic search and a narrative review with a special reference to India and other developing countries.
Synthesis in Diabetes & metabolic syndrome. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 212 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
212 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 501 citations in OpenAlex.
- Diabetes Mellitus, a Leading Comorbidity in COVID-19: an Insight on Pathophysiology, Molecular Interactions, and Comprehensive Management.Current microbiology · 2025Pooled it
- Nutritional perspectives for the prevention and mitigation of COVID-19.Nutrition reviews · 2021Pooled it
- Systematic review and meta-analysis of the effectiveness and safety of hydroxychloroquine in treating COVID-19 patients.Journal of the Chinese Medical Association : JCMA · 2021Pooled it
- A systematic review and meta-analysis on chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine as monotherapy or combined with azithromycin in COVID-19 treatment.Scientific reports · 2020Pooled it
- Diabetes and COVID-19: A systematic review on the current evidences.Diabetes research and clinical practice · 2020Pooled it
- An Updated Systematic Review of the Therapeutic Role of Hydroxychloroquine in Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19).Clinical drug investigation · 2020Pooled it
- Efficacy of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine in treating COVID-19 infection: A meta-review of systematic reviews and an updated meta-analysis.Travel medicine and infectious diseasePooled it
- No benefit of hydroxychloroquine in COVID-19: Results of Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials".Diabetes & metabolic syndromePooled it
- Relationship between gene expression patterns from nasopharyngeal swabs and serum biomarkers in patients hospitalized with COVID-19, following treatment with the neutralizing monoclonal antibody bamlanivimab.Journal of translational medicine · 2022Trial
- Efficacy and safety of hydroxychloroquine as add-on therapy in uncontrolled type 2 diabetes patients who were using two oral antidiabetic drugs.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2021Trial
- Unraveling the Mystery: COVID-19 and Diabetic Complications - A Journey from Pathophysiology to Treatment.Current diabetes reviews · 2026Review
- Analyzing the Interplay of Air Pollution and COVID-19: A Review on Health Implications.EcoHealth · 2025Review
- Review
- Quality-by-design ecofriendly potentiometric sensor for rapid monitoring of hydroxychloroquine purity in the presence of toxic impurities.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Multi-epitopes vaccine design for surface glycoprotein against SARS-CoV-2 using immunoinformatic approach.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Design, Synthesis and Antitumor Activity of Quercetin Derivatives Containing a Quinoline Moiety.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Adverse drug reactions to chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine in combination with azithromycin in COVID-19 in-patients: data from intensive pharmacovigilance in Morocco, 2020.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2023Observational
- Screening Drugs for Broad-Spectrum, Host-Directed Antiviral Activity: Lessons from the Development of Probenecid for COVID-19.Viruses · 2023Article
- Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Benzothiazolyl-pyridine Hybrids as New Antiviral Agents against H5N1 Bird Flu and SARS-COV-2 Viruses.ACS omega · 2023Article
- Understanding the challenges to COVID-19 vaccines and treatment options, herd immunity and probability of reinfection.Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences · 2023Review
152 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
aimsNo drugs are currently approved for Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19), although some have been tried. In view of recent studies and discussion on chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), we aimed to review existing literature and relevant websites regarding these drugs and COVID-19, adverse effects related to drugs, and related guidelines. AIMS AND
methodsWe systematically searched the PubMed database up till March 21, 2020 and retrieved all the articles published on chloroquine and HCQ and COVID-19.
resultsTwo small human studies have been conducted with both these drugs in COVID-19, and have shown significant improvement in some parameters in patients with COVID-19.
conclusionConsidering minimal risk upon use, a long experience of use in other diseases, cost-effectiveness and easy availability across India, we propose that both these drugs are worthy of fast track clinical trial for treatment, and may be carefully considered for clinical use as experimental drugs. Since HCQ has been approved for treatment of diabetes in India, it should be further researched in diabetes and COVID-19, a subgroup where significant mortality has been shown.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.