ArticleGastroenterology2020
Risk Factor Profiles Differ for Cancers of Different Regions of the Colorectum.
Article in Gastroenterology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05732623 (Diet obEsity sMoking Epigenetics geneTics biomaRkers Physical Activity), which is not on this map. Cited by 71 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Diet obEsity sMoking Epigenetics geneTics biomaRkers Physical Activity: An International Multicenter Case-control Study on Endogenous and Exogenous Risk Factors in Early-onset Colorectal Cancer
Who cites it
71 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 117 citations in OpenAlex.
- Ultra-processed food intake and risk of digestive system cancers: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Pooled it
- Circulating Sex Hormone Levels and Colon Cancer Risk in Men: A Nested Case-Control Study and Meta-Analysis.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2022Pooled it
- The prognosis of breast cancer patients with bone metastasis could be potentially estimated based on blood routine test and biochemical examination at admission.Annals of medicine · 2023Trial
- Age- and sex-dependent associations of metabolic syndrome with colorectal cancer in the UK Biobank.British journal of cancer · 2026Article
- Poor Diet and Oral Cavity Cancer Risk in Smoking and Non-Smoking Men and Women: An Analysis of Three US Cohorts.Head & neck · 2026Article
- Association between ambient air pollution and colorectal cancer risk: The Multiethnic Cohort Study.Environmental research · 2026Article
- Early-onset colorectal cancer in Sweden: increase in distal tumors but a shift in right-sided incidence, 2020-2024.JNCI cancer spectrum · 2026Article
- Ultra-processed Foods and Gastrointestinal Cancer: Epidemiologic Evidence, Mechanistic Pathways, and Clinical Implications.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2026Review
- The Effect of Anti-Inflammatory Drugs on the Incidence of Colorectal Cancer.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Distinct Molecular and Prognostic Profiles of Left- and Right-Sided Colorectal Cancer Revealed by NGS Analysis: The Role of SMAD4 and SETD2 Mutations.Cancer medicine · 2026Article
- Plasma metabolites, metabolic risk score and colorectal cancer risk: a prospective cohort study.European journal of epidemiology · 2025Article
- Early-onset colorectal cancer as an emerging disease of metabolic dysregulation.Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2025Review
- A Practical Guide to Developing and Troubleshooting Patient-Derived "Mini-Gut" Colorectal Organoids for Clinical Research.Methods and protocols · 2025Article
- Navigating the Colorectal Cancer Maze: Unveiling Pathways To Diagnosis, Management, Pathophysiology and Prevention.Current oncology reports · 2025Review
- High consumption of ultra-processed food and risk of colorectal cancer: the Norwegian Women and Cancer cohort study.The British journal of nutrition · 2025Article
- Black-White disparities across the colorectal cancer care continuum in the USA.Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology · 2025Review
- Birth Cohort Effects in Appendiceal Adenocarcinoma Incidence Across the United States.Annals of internal medicine · 2025Article
- Colorectal Cancer Screening Based on Fecal Immunochemical Test and Risk Assessment: A Population-based Study Including Two Million Participants in China.Journal of epidemiology · 2025Article
- The human oral microbiome and risk of colorectal cancer within three prospective cohort studies in the United States.Cancer · 2025Article
- Early-onset colorectal cancer incidence in Norway: a national registry-based study (1993-2022) analyzing subsite and morphology trends.ESMO gastrointestinal oncology · 2025Article
11 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND &
aimsThe molecular features of colorectal tumors differ with their anatomic location. Colorectal tumors are usually classified as proximal or distal. We collected data from 3 cohorts to identify demographic, clinical, anthropometric, lifestyle, and dietary risk factors for colorectal cancer (CRC) at 7 anatomic subsites. We examined whether the associations differ among refined subsites and whether there are trends in associations from cecum to rectum.
methodsWe collected data from the Nurses' Health Study, Nurses' Health Study 2, and Health Professionals Follow-up Study (45,351 men and 178,016 women, followed for a median 23 years) on 24 risk factors in relation to risk of cancer in cecum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectosigmoid junction, and rectum. Hazard ratios were estimated using Cox proportional hazards regression. We tested for linear and nonlinear trends in associations with CRC among subsites and within proximal colon, distal colon, and rectum.
resultsWe documented 3058 cases of CRC (474 in cecum, 633 in ascending colon, 250 in transverse colon, 221 in descending colon, 750 in sigmoid colon, 202 in rectosigmoid junction, and 528 in rectum). The positive associations with cancer risk decreased, from cecum to rectum, for age and family history of CRC. In contrast, the inverse associations with cancer risk increased, from cecum to rectum, for endoscopic screening and intake of whole grains, cereal fiber, and processed red meat. There was a significant nonlinear trend in the association between CRC and female sex, with hazard ratios ranging from 1.73 for ascending colon cancer to 0.54 for sigmoid colon cancer. For proximal colon cancers, the association with alcohol consumption and smoking before age 30 years increased from the cecum to transverse colon. For distal colon cancers, the positive association with waist circumference in men was greater for descending vs sigmoid colon cancer.
conclusionsIn an analysis of 3058 cases of CRC, we found that risk factor profiles differed for cancers along the colorectum. Proximal vs distal classifications are not sufficient to encompass the regional variations in colorectal tumor features and risk factors.
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