Evidence map›Paper›PMID 32246531›Full record

ArticleStatistics in medicine2020

STRATOS guidance document on measurement error and misclassification of variables in observational epidemiology: Part 2-More complex methods of adjustment and advanced topics.

Pamela A Shaw, Paul Gustafson, Raymond J Carroll, Veronika Deffner, Kevin W Dodd, Ruth H Keogh, Victor Kipnis, Janet A Tooze, Michael P Wallace, Helmut Küchenhoff and 1 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Statistics in medicine, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 47 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
47citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

47 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Trial
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  4. Review
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  11. Correcting for bias due to mismeasured exposure in mediation analysis with a survival outcome.Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series C, Applied statistics · 2025
    Article
  12. Article
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  16. Review
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  18. A minimal nontrivial example of higher-order evidence.American journal of epidemiology · 2025
    Article
  19. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Pamela A ShawDepartment of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-1883-8410
Paul GustafsonDepartment of Statistics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.ORCID 0000-0002-2375-5006
Raymond J CarrollDepartment of Statistics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA.
Veronika DeffnerStatistical Consulting Unit StaBLab, Department of Statistics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany.
Kevin W DoddBiometry Research Group, Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Ruth H KeoghDepartment of Medical Statistics, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.ORCID 0000-0001-6504-3253
Victor KipnisBiometry Research Group, Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Janet A ToozeDepartment of Biostatistics and Data Science, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA.
Michael P WallaceDepartment of Statistics and Actuarial Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
Helmut KüchenhoffStatistical Consulting Unit StaBLab, Department of Statistics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany.
Laurence S FreedmanBiostatistics and Biomathematics Unit, Gertner Institute for Epidemiology and Health Policy Research, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel.ORCID 0000-0002-6767-7900

Funding

Tumor Tissue CoreP30CA012197 · NCI · WAKE FOREST UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES · PI Ruben A. Mesa · 1985 to 2026
$55.4M
Statistical methods and designs for correlated outcome and covariate errors in studies of HIV/AIDSR37AI131771 · NIAID · VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER · PI Pamela A Shaw, Bryan Earl Shepherd · 2023 to 2026
$3.4M
Statistical methods for correlated outcome and covariate errors in studies of HIV/AIDSR01AI131771 · NIAID · VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER · PI SHAW, PAMELA A, SHEPHERD, BRYAN EARL · 2018 to 2022
$3.0M
Measurement Error, Nutrition, Physical Activity and CancerU01CA057030 · NCI · TEXAS A&M UNIVERSITY · PI CARROLL, RAYMOND J. · 2015 to 2019
$2.8M
Medical Research Council MR/M014827/1Medical Research Council MR/S017968/1NCI NIH HHS P30 CA012197NCI NIH HHS U01 CA057030NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI131771NIAID NIH HHS R37 AI131771
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

We continue our review of issues related to measurement error and misclassification in epidemiology. We further describe methods of adjusting for biased estimation caused by measurement error in continuous covariates, covering likelihood methods, Bayesian methods, moment reconstruction, moment-adjusted imputation, and multiple imputation. We then describe which methods can also be used with misclassification of categorical covariates. Methods of adjusting estimation of distributions of continuous variables for measurement error are then reviewed. Illustrative examples are provided throughout these sections. We provide lists of available software for implementing these methods and also provide the code for implementing our examples in the Supporting Information. Next, we present several advanced topics, including data subject to both classical and Berkson error, modeling continuous exposures with measurement error, and categorical exposures with misclassification in the same model, variable selection when some of the variables are measured with error, adjusting analyses or design for error in an outcome variable, and categorizing continuous variables measured with error. Finally, we provide some advice for the often met situations where variables are known to be measured with substantial error, but there is only an external reference standard or partial (or no) information about the type or magnitude of the error.

Indexed as

Bayes TheoremBiasHumansBayesian methodsbias analysisdistribution estimateslikelihood methodsmoment reconstructionmultiple imputation

Identifiers

PMID32246531
PMCPMC7272296

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.