ReviewCNS drugs2020
Comparative Tolerability of Dopamine D2/3 Receptor Partial Agonists for Schizophrenia.
Review in CNS drugs, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 68 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of antipsychotics on human cognitive function: causal evidence from healthy volunteers following sustained D2/D3 antagonism, D2/D3 partial agonism and placebo.Molecular psychiatry · 2025Trial
- Baseline symptom-related white matter tracts predict individualized treatment response to 12-week antipsychotic monotherapies in first-episode schizophrenia.Translational psychiatry · 2024Trial
- Genetic Variations in the Dopaminergic Signaling Pathways and Their Implications for Antipsychotics Pharmacogenetics.Journal of molecular neuroscience : MN · 2026Review
- A review of risk factors and intervention measures for comorbidity of diabetes and mental disorders.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Review
- Rational antipsychotic polypharmacy in psychotic and bipolar disorders: A focus on D2 receptor partial agonists.The mental health clinician · 2025Article
- Patient Life Engagement and Metabolic Profile Improve After Switching from First-/Second-Generation Antipsychotics to Brexpiprazole: A Real-World Study in Patients with Schizophrenia.Journal of personalized medicine · 2025Article
- Dopamine Partial Agonists in Pregnancy and Lactation: A Systematic Review.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Second-generation antipsychotic-induced dystonia: Analysis using the Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report (JADER) database.Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences · 2025Article
- Sexual dysfunctions related to use of antipsychotics: A protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2025Article
- Real-World Disability Outcomes Among Patients Treated with Cariprazine vs Other Atypical Antipsychotics as Adjunctive Treatment for Major Depressive Disorder.ClinicoEconomics and outcomes research : CEOR · 2025Article
- Management of schizophrenia and comorbid substance use disorders: expert review and guidance.Annals of general psychiatry · 2024Review
- Pharmacological Treatments of Negative Symptoms in Schizophrenia-An Update.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- New Therapeutic Targets and Drugs for Schizophrenia Beyond Dopamine D2 Receptor Antagonists.Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment · 2024Review
- Efficacy of Serotonin and Dopamine Activity Modulators in the Treatment of Negative Symptoms in Schizophrenia: A Rapid Review.Biomedicines · 2023Review
- Identification and Characterization of ML321: A Novel and Highly Selective DACS pharmacology & translational science · 2023Article
- Therapeutic Appropriateness of Cariprazine in the Management of Schizophrenia: Experts' Opinion using a Delphi Approach.Current neuropharmacology · 2023Article
- Impulse Control Disorders by Dopamine Partial Agonists: A Pharmacovigilance-Pharmacodynamic Assessment Through the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System.The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology · 2022Article
- Cariprazine on Psychosis: Beyond Schizophrenia - A Case Series.Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment · 2022Article
- Effect of Novel Antipsychotics on Energy Metabolism - In Vitro Study in Pig Brain Mitochondria.Molecular neurobiology · 2021Article
- Cariprazine, A Broad-Spectrum Antipsychotic for the Treatment of Schizophrenia: Pharmacology, Efficacy, and Safety.Advances in therapy · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Aripiprazole, brexpiprazole and cariprazine differ from all other second-generation antipsychotics due to partial agonism at the dopamine D2 and D3 receptors. In contrast to aripiprazole, brexpiprazole has lower intrinsic dopamine D2 activity and higher affinity for the serotonin 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A receptors, while cariprazine has the highest affinity for the dopamine D3 receptor, and the longest half-life. The main adverse effect of dopamine receptor partial agonists (DRPAs) is akathisia of low-to-moderate severity, which occurs in a small proportion of patients, usually in the first few weeks of treatment. While definitive conclusions concerning differences between the DRPAs require head-to-head comparison studies, on the available evidence, akathisia is probably least likely to occur with brexpiprazole and most likely with cariprazine; the risk of akathisia with aripiprazole lies in between. Weight-gain risk is low with aripiprazole and cariprazine, but moderate with brexpiprazole. Risk of sedation is low with DRPAs, as is risk of insomnia and nausea. Partial dopamine agonism leads to a low risk for hyperprolactinaemia (and probably a low risk of sexual dysfunction). Prolactin concentrations fall in some patients (particularly those with elevated levels prior to initiating the drugs). Rates of discontinuation due to adverse effects in pivotal studies were low, and on the whole, DRPAs are well tolerated. Aripiprazole has been implicated in pathological gambling and other impulse control behaviours, likely due to partial dopamine agonist activity (there have been no reports with brexpiprazole and cariprazine). The risks for diabetes and tardive dyskinesia with DRPAs are unknown, but are likely to be low. On the basis of tolerability, DRPAs should be considered as first-line treatment options, particularly in patients with early schizophrenia.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.