ArticleEuropean archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery2020
Olfactory training ball improves adherence and olfactory outcomes in post-infectious olfactory dysfunction.
Article in European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- The efficacy of olfactory training in improving olfactory function: a meta-analysis.European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · 2024Pooled it
- Steroids and Olfactory Training for Postviral Olfactory Dysfunction: A Systematic Review.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2021Pooled it
- Characterization of Ethyl Butyrate-Induced Cough Before and After Breath Control Techniques in Healthy Adults.American journal of speech-language pathology · 2023Trial
- Article
- Four odorants for olfactory training are enough: a pilot study.European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · 2024Article
- Maximizing Participation in Olfactory Training in a Sample with Post-COVID-19 Olfactory Loss.Brain sciences · 2024Article
- Can immersive olfactory training serve as an alternative treatment for patients with smell dysfunction?Laryngoscope investigative otolaryngology · 2024Article
- Olfactory Dysfunction: Etiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment.Deutsches Arzteblatt international · 2023Review
- Efficacy of Combined Visual-Olfactory Training With Patient-Preferred Scents as Treatment for Patients With COVID-19 Resultant Olfactory Loss: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA otolaryngology-- head & neck surgery · 2023Article
- International consensus statement on allergy and rhinology: Olfaction.International forum of allergy & rhinology · 2022Review
- [Olfactory and gustatory disorders].HNO · 2022Article
- Effect of early olfactory training on olfactory recovery after nasal endoscopy in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis and olfactory impairment.American journal of translational research · 2022Article
- Research Progress of Olfactory Nerve Regeneration Mechanism and Olfactory Training.Therapeutics and clinical risk management · 2022Review
- Scent of stem cells: How can neurogenesis make us smell better?Frontiers in neuroscience · 2022Article
- Olfactory Dysfunction in Huntington's Disease.Journal of Huntington's disease · 2021Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeIn an effort to make olfactory training (OT) simpler, we designed an 'olfactory training ball' (OTB)-a baseball-size ball with four odor-containing tubes to use in OT. The study aimed to investigate the effects of OT with the OTB in comparison to classical OT with special attention to the effects of adherence to OT on olfactory outcome measures.
methodsSixty patients with olfactory dysfunction following infections of the upper respiratory tract received OT either with classical methods-sniffing odors from jars (COT)-or the OTB for 12 weeks. Patients exposed themselves to the odors for 5 min twice daily. Adherence was measured with a modified version of the Morisky scale. Before and after OT, all patients underwent extensive olfactory testing using the Sniffin' Sticks test.
resultsAt the end of the 12 weeks of OT, TDI composite score (22.1 ± 2.8 vs. 19.9 ± 4.7, P = 0.044) and odor discrimination subtest scores (9.1 ± 1.8 vs.7.6 ± 2.5, P = 0.013) of the OTB group were significantly higher than that of the COT group. Adequate adherence to OT was significantly higher in patients receiving OTB when compared to those receiving COT (63% vs. 30%, P = 0.019).
conclusionThe present study shows that a novel OT device, the OTB, provides better adherence to the training process compared to COT. Moreover, findings of the current study show that better adherence to the OT process is associated with better olfactory outcomes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.