ArticlePublic health nutrition2020
The relevance of whole grain food definitions in estimation of whole grain intake: a secondary analysis of the National Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey 2011-2012.
Article in Public health nutrition, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Whole Grain Food Definition Effects on Determining Associations of Whole Grain Intake and Body Weight Changes: A Systematic Review.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2021Pooled it
- Comparison of associations of intake of ultra-processed and non-ultra-processed whole-grain foods with cardiometabolic risk measures in Australian and US adults.European journal of nutrition · 2026Article
- Revision of the Choices Nutrient Profiling System.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Exploring the reporting, intake and recommendations of primary food sources of whole grains globally: a scoping review.The British journal of nutrition · 2024Article
- Aligning front-of-pack labelling with dietary guidelines: including whole grains in the health star rating.European journal of nutrition · 2024Article
- Pragmatic Carbohydrate Quality Metrics in Relation to Glycemic Index, Glycemic Load, and Front-of-Pack Warning Labels in Grain Foods.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- The relation of whole grain surrogate estimates and food definition to total whole grain intake in the Finnish adult population.European journal of nutrition · 2023Article
- A New Carbohydrate Food Quality Scoring System to Reflect Dietary Guidelines: An Expert Panel Report.Nutrients · 2022Article
- Fortification of grain foods and NOVA: the potential for altered nutrient intakes while avoiding ultra-processed foods.European journal of nutrition · 2022Article
- Total and whole grain intake in Latin America: findings from the multicenter cross-sectional Latin American Study of Health and Nutrition (ELANS).European journal of nutrition · 2022Article
- Aligning nutrient profiling with dietary guidelines: modifying the Nutri-Score algorithm to include whole grains.European journal of nutrition · 2022Article
- Monitoring the Effects of Hemicellulase on the Different Proofing Stages of Wheat Aleurone-Rich Bread Dough and Bread Quality.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Perspective: Why Whole Grains Should Be Incorporated into Nutrient-Profile Models to Better Capture Nutrient Density.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo determine the impacts of using a whole grain food definition on measurement of whole grain intake compared with calculation of total grams of intake irrespective of the source.
designThe Australian whole grain database was expanded to identify foods that comply with the Healthgrain whole grain food definition (≥30 % whole grains on a dry weight basis, whole grain ingredients exceeds refined grain and meeting accepted standards for healthy foods based on local regulations). Secondary analysis of the National Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey (NNPAS) 2011-2012 dietary intake data included calculation of whole grain intakes based on intake from foods complying with the Healthgrain definition. These were compared with intake values where grams of whole grain in any food had been included.
settingAustralia.
participantsAustralians (≥2 years) who participated in the NNPAS 2011-2012 (n 12 153).
resultsFollowing expansion of the whole grain database, 214 of the 609 foods containing any amount of whole grain were compliant with the Healthgrain definition. Significant mean differences (all P < 0·05) of 2·84-6·25 g/d of whole grain intake (5·91-9·44 g/d energy adjusted) were found when applying the Healthgrain definition in comparison with values from foods containing any whole grain across all age groups.
conclusionsApplication of a whole grain food definition has substantial impact on calculations of population whole grain intakes. While use of such definitions may prove beneficial in settings such as whole grain promotion, the underestimation of total intake may impact on identification of any associations between whole grain intake and health outcomes.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.