ArticleInternational journal of legal medicine2020
Immunohistochemical renal expression of aquaporin 2, arginine-vasopressin, vasopressin receptor 2, and renin in saltwater drowning and freshwater drowning.
Article in International journal of legal medicine, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- Application of Aquaporins as Markers in Forensic Pathology: A Systematic Review of the Literature.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Pooled it
- Immunohistochemical cerebral cortex expression of aquaporin 4, aquaporin 5, aquaporin 9 Vasopressin and GFAP in saltwater drowning and freshwater drowning.International journal of legal medicine · 2026Article
- The diatom test for drowning: an unreported source of diatom contamination.International journal of legal medicine · 2025Article
- Oxidative stress and NF-KB/iNOS inflammatory pathway as innovative biomarkers for diagnosis of drowning and differentiating it from postmortem submersion in both fresh and saltwater in rats.International journal of legal medicine · 2024Article
- Commentary on "Macromorphological findings in cases of death in water: a critical view on drowning signs".International journal of legal medicine · 2021Article
- Overexpression of aquaporin 2 in renal tubular epithelial cells alleviates pyroptosis.Translational andrology and urology · 2021Article
- Mini Review: Forensic Value of Aquaporines.Frontiers in medicine · 2021Review
- Post-Mortem Investigations for the Diagnosis of Sepsis: A Review of Literature.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Review
- Proteomics in Deaths by Drowning: Diagnostic Efficacy of Apolipoprotein A1 and α-1Antitrypsin, Pilot Study.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The diagnosis of drowning is considered one of the most difficult in forensic medicine. Due to the paucity of signs, it is a classical diagnosis by exclusion. For this reason, specific immunohistochemical markers would be useful. Far too little has been done to analyze in-depth the differences between SWD and FWD. We focused on the renal immunohistochemical expression of aquaporin 2, AVP, V2R, and renin in cases of drowning. This study has two purposes: (1) to better understand the differences between saltwater drowning (SWD) and freshwater drowning (FWD), which may indicate different pathophysiology and (2) to eventually identify markers useful for the diagnosis of drowning. We retrospectively investigated 10 cases of SWD gathered from the Institute of Legal Medicine in Genoa (Italy), and 10 cases of FWD from the University Center of Legal Medicine in Geneva (Switzerland). As a control group, we investigated 10 cases of death by gunshot to the head. A strong expression of AQP2 and AVP was significantly (p < 0.05) more evident in cases of SWD than in FWD and control cases. Regarding the V2R, no statistically significant differences were found between the studied groups. The renin tubular expression was particularly intense (p < 0.05) both in SWD and in FWD compared controls. According to our results, AQP2 and AVP represent potential useful markers for the differential diagnosis between SWD and other causes of death, including FWD. Renin may be a useful marker in the diagnosis of drowning but it does not allow for differentiation between FWD and SWD.
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