ArticlePloS one2020
Temporal and spatial modulation of the tumor and systemic immune response in the murine Gl261 glioma model.
Article in PloS one, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
What it found
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- In Vivo Wide-Field Mapping of Microvascular Dynamics in Orthotopic GL261 Gliomas by Super-Resolution Ultrasound Imaging.Annals of biomedical engineering · 2026Article
- Immune Subtypes and Survival in Patients with Primary Glioma.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Functional profiling of murine glioma models highlights targetable immune evasion phenotypes.Acta neuropathologica · 2024Article
- Glioblastoma Standard of Care: Effects on Tumor Evolution and Reverse Translation in Preclinical Models.Cancers · 2024Review
- Synchronously in vivo real-time monitoring bacterial load and temperature with evaluating immune response to decipher bacterial infection.Bioengineering & translational medicine · 2024Article
- Optimization, Characterization, and Comparison of Two Luciferase-Expressing Mouse Glioblastoma Models.Cancers · 2024Article
- Interleukin-6-controlled, mesenchymal stem cell-based sodium/iodide symporter gene therapy improves survival of glioblastoma-bearing mice.Molecular therapy oncolytics · 2023Article
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- Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Escape in the Time Course of Glioblastoma.Molecular neurobiology · 2022Article
- Combination of DNA Vaccine and Immune Checkpoint Blockades Improves the Immune Response in an Orthotopic Unresectable Glioblastoma Model.Pharmaceutics · 2022Article
- Establishing Imaging Biomarkers of Host Immune System Efficacy during Glioblastoma Therapy Response: Challenges, Obstacles and Future Perspectives.Metabolites · 2022Article
- Necrotic reshaping of the glioma microenvironment drives disease progression.Acta neuropathologica · 2022Review
- Syngeneic murine glioblastoma models: reactionary immune changes and immunotherapy intervention outcomes.Neurosurgical focus · 2022Article
- Differential effects of radiation fractionation regimens on glioblastoma.Radiation oncology (London, England) · 2022Article
- Conjugation of glucosylated polymer chains to checkpoint blockade antibodies augments their efficacy and specificity for glioblastoma.Nature biomedical engineering · 2021Article
- Targeting Glucose Metabolism of Cancer Cells with Dichloroacetate to Radiosensitize High-Grade Gliomas.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Immunosuppression in Glioblastoma: Current Understanding and Therapeutic Implications.Frontiers in oncology · 2021Review
- Glycolysis and Fatty Acid Oxidation Inhibition Improves Survival in Glioblastoma.Frontiers in oncology · 2021Article
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Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Glioblastoma, the most aggressive form of glioma, has a 5-year survival rate of <5%. While radiation and immunotherapies are routinely studied in the murine Gl261 glioma model, little is known about its inherent immune response. This study quantifies the temporal and spatial localization of immune cell populations and mediators during glioma development. Eight-week old male C57Bl/6 mice were orthotopically inoculated with 1x106 Gl261 cells and tumor morphology, local and systemic immune cell populations, and plasma cytokines/chemokines assessed at day 0, 1, 3, 7, 14, and 21 post-inoculation by magnetic resonance imaging, chromogenic immunohistochemistry, multiplex immunofluorescent immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry and multiplex immunoassay respectively. From day 3 tumors were distinguishable with >30% Ki67 and increased tissue vascularization (p<0.05). Increasing tumor proliferation/malignancy and vascularization were associated with significant temporal changes in immune cell populations within the tumor (p<0.05) and systemic compartments (p = 0.02 to p<0.0001). Of note, at day 14 16/24 plasma cytokine/chemokines levels decreased coinciding with an increase in tumor cytotoxic T cells, natural killer and natural killer/T cells. Data derived provide baseline characterization of the local and systemic immune response during glioma development. They reveal that type II macrophages and myeloid-derived suppressor cells are more prevalent in tumors than regulatory T cells, highlighting these cell types for further therapeutic exploration.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.