ArticlePLoS neglected tropical diseases2020
Non-typhoidal Salmonella bloodstream infections in Kisantu, DR Congo: Emergence of O5-negative Salmonella Typhimurium and extensive drug resistance.
Article in PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 51 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence and distribution of non-typhoidalEpidemiology and infection · 2023Pooled it
- Complications and mortality of non-typhoidal salmonella invasive disease: a global systematic review and meta-analysis.The Lancet. Infectious diseases · 2022Pooled it
- Invasive non-typhoidal Salmonella infections in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review on antimicrobial resistance and treatment.BMC medicine · 2020Pooled it
- Article
- Non-typhoidal Salmonella co-infect and complicate Plasmodium falciparum malaria in children under-five: A prospective cohort study on clinical presentation and outcome in Kisantu district hospital, DR Congo.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Observational
- Deciphering the etiology of the 2024 outbreak of undiagnosed febrile illness in Panzi, Democratic Republic of the Congo.Nature medicine · 2026Article
- Epidemiology, Temporal Trends and Resistance Patterns of ESBL-Producing Non-TyphoidalAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Article
- Developing a clinical prediction model to modify empirical antibiotics for non-typhoidal Salmonella bloodstream infection in children under-five in the Democratic Republic of Congo.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Observational
- Antimicrobial resistance in Enterobacterales infections among children in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.EClinicalMedicine · 2024Article
- Article
- Challenges of Antibiotic Formulations and Administration in the Treatment of Bloodstream Infections in Children Under Five Admitted to Kisantu Hospital, Democratic Republic of Congo.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2023Article
- A genomic appraisal of invasive Salmonella Typhimurium and associated antibiotic resistance in sub-Saharan Africa.Nature communications · 2023Review
- A global genomic analysis of Salmonella Concord reveals lineages with high antimicrobial resistance in Ethiopia.Nature communications · 2023Review
- NontyphoidalOpen forum infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Development of a rapid diagnostic test based on loop-mediated isothermal amplification to identify the most frequent non-typhoidal Salmonella serovars from culture.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2023Article
- Health itinerary-related survival of children under-five with severe malaria or bloodstream infection, DR Congo.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2023Article
- Prevention and Control of HumanInternational journal of food science · 2023Review
- Invasive non-typhoidalFrontiers in microbiology · 2023Article
- Intestinal carriage of invasive non-typhoidalFrontiers in microbiology · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 5 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundNon-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) are a major cause of bloodstream infection (BSI) in sub-Saharan Africa. This study aimed to assess its longitudinal evolution as cause of BSI, its serotype distribution and its antibiotic resistance pattern in Kisantu, DR Congo.
methodsAs part of a national surveillance network, blood cultures were sampled in patients with suspected BSI admitted to Kisantu referral hospital from 2015-2017. Blood cultures were worked-up according to international standards. Results were compared to similar data from 2007 onwards.
resultsIn 2015-2017, NTS (n = 896) represented the primary cause of BSI. NTS were isolated from 7.6% of 11,764 suspected and 65.4% of 1371 confirmed BSI. In children <5 years, NTS accounted for 9.6% of suspected BSI. These data were in line with data from previous surveillance periods, except for the proportion of confirmed BSI, which was lower in previous surveillance periods. Salmonella Typhimurium accounted for 63.1% of NTS BSI and Salmonella Enteritidis for 36.4%. Of all Salmonella Typhimurium, 36.9% did not express the O5-antigen (i.e. variant Copenhagen). O5-negative Salmonella Typhimurium were rare before 2013, but increased gradually from then onwards. Multidrug resistance was observed in 87.4% of 864 NTS isolates, decreased ciprofloxacin susceptibility in 7.3%, ceftriaxone resistance in 15.7% and azithromycin resistance in 14.9%. A total of 14.2% of NTS isolates, that were all Salmonella Typhimurium, were multidrug resistant and ceftriaxone and azithromycin co-resistant. These Salmonella isolates were called extensively drug resistant. Compared to previous surveillance periods, proportions of NTS isolates with resistance to ceftriaxone and azithromycin and decreased ciprofloxacin susceptibility increased.
conclusionAs in previous surveillance periods, NTS ranked first as the cause of BSI in children. The emergence of O5-negative Salmonella Typhimurium needs to be considered in the light of vaccine development. The high proportions of antibiotic resistance are worrisome.
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