Evidence map›Paper›PMID 32239193›Full record

ArticleThe American journal of clinical nutrition2020

Associations between growth from birth to 18 years, intelligence, and schooling in a Brazilian cohort.

Ana Maria Baptista Menezes, Paula D Oliveira, Fernando C Wehrmeister, Luciana Anselmi, Helen Gonçalves, Reynaldo Martorell, Robert E Black, Fernando C Barros, Cesar G Victora

Open access · hybridAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in The American journal of clinical nutrition, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
11citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
1.8field-weighted citation impact, top 16% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

11 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 22 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.

Ana Maria Baptista MenezesPostgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil.
Paula D OliveiraPostgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil.
Fernando C WehrmeisterPostgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil.
Luciana AnselmiPostgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil.
Helen GonçalvesPostgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil.
Reynaldo MartorellHubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Robert E BlackDepartment of International Health, Institute for International Programs, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Fernando C BarrosPostgraduate Program in Health and Behavior, Catholic University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil.
Cesar G VictoraPostgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil.
Universidade Federal de Pelotas · BREmory University · USJohns Hopkins University · USUniversidade Católica de Pelotas · BR

Funding

Wellcome Trust
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundGrowth faltering in the first 1000 d is associated with lower human capital among adults. The existence of a second window of opportunity for nutritional interventions during adolescence has been postulated.

objectivesWe aimed to verify the associations between growth from birth to 18 y and intelligence and schooling in a cohort.

methodsA total of 5249 hospital-born infants in Pelotas, Brazil, were enrolled during 1993. Follow-up visits to random subsamples took place at 6, 12, and 48 mo and to the full cohort at 11, 15, and 18 y. Weight and length/height were collected in all visits. The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale was applied at age 18 y, and primary school completion was recorded. Conditional length/height and conditional BMI were calculated and expressed as z scores according to the WHO Growth Standards. These express the difference between observed and expected size at a given age based on a regression that includes earlier anthropometric measures. Analyses were adjusted for income, parental education, maternal skin color and smoking, and breastfeeding duration.

resultsIn the adjusted analyses, participants with conditional length ≥1 z score at 1 y had mean intelligence quotient (IQ) scores at 18 y 4.50 points (95% CI: 1.08, 7.92) higher than those with conditional length ≤-1 at 1 y. For height-for-age at 4 y, this difference was equal to 3.70 (95% CI: 0.49, 6.90) IQ points. There were no associations between conditional height at 11, 15, or 18 y and IQ. For the same previously mentioned comparison, the prevalence ratio for less than primary schooling was 1.42 (95% CI: 1.12, 1.80) for conditional height at 1 y. There were no consistent associations with conditional BMI.

conclusionsOur findings show that adolescent growth is not associated with intelligence and schooling, and are consistent with the literature on the associations between intelligence and schooling and early linear growth.

Indexed as

Child DevelopmentIntelligenceAdolescentBody HeightBrazilChildChild, PreschoolCohort StudiesFemaleFollow-Up StudiesHumansInfantMaleSchoolsbody mass indexcohort studiesconditional growthintelligenceintelligence quotientlinear growthschooling

Identifiers

PMID32239193
PMCPMC7326584
OpenAlexW3015055674

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.