Evidence map›Paper›PMID 32238584›Full record

ArticleJournal of virology2020

Computational Inference of Selection Underlying the Evolution of the Novel Coronavirus, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2.

Rachele Cagliani, Diego Forni, Mario Clerici, Manuela Sironi

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of virology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 85 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
85citing papers in PubMed
3.7field-weighted citation impact, top 4% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

85 citing papers in PubMed, 152 citations in OpenAlex.

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  12. Omicron - The new SARS-CoV-2 challenge?Reviews in medical virology · 2022
    Review
  13. Review
  14. Discovery of Natural Lead Compound fromPharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022
    Article
  15. Article
  16. SARS-CoV-2 Membrane Protein: From Genomic Data to Structural New Insights.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022
    Article
  17. Review
  18. Article
  19. Review
  20. Review

25 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Rachele Cagliani *Scientific Institute IRCCS E. MEDEA, Bioinformatics, Bosisio Parini, Italy rachele.cagliani@lanostrafamiglia.it.ORCID 0000-0003-2670-3532
Diego Forni *Scientific Institute IRCCS E. MEDEA, Bioinformatics, Bosisio Parini, Italy.ORCID 0000-0001-9291-5352
Mario ClericiDepartment of Physiopathology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
Manuela SironiScientific Institute IRCCS E. MEDEA, Bioinformatics, Bosisio Parini, Italy.
IRCCS Eugenio Medea · ITUniversity of Milan · IT

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The novel coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that recently emerged in China is thought to have a bat origin, as its closest known relative (BatCoV RaTG13) was described previously in horseshoe bats. We analyzed the selective events that accompanied the divergence of SARS-CoV-2 from BatCoV RaTG13. To this end, we applied a population genetics-phylogenetics approach, which leverages within-population variation and divergence from an outgroup. Results indicated that most sites in the viral open reading frames (ORFs) evolved under conditions of strong to moderate purifying selection. The most highly constrained sequences corresponded to some nonstructural proteins (nsps) and to the M protein. Conversely, nsp1 and accessory ORFs, particularly ORF8, had a nonnegligible proportion of codons evolving under conditions of very weak purifying selection or close to selective neutrality. Overall, limited evidence of positive selection was detected. The 6 bona fide positively selected sites were located in the N protein, in ORF8, and in nsp1. A signal of positive selection was also detected in the receptor-binding motif (RBM) of the spike protein but most likely resulted from a recombination event that involved the BatCoV RaTG13 sequence. In line with previous data, we suggest that the common ancestor of SARS-CoV-2 and BatCoV RaTG13 encoded/encodes an RBM similar to that observed in SARS-CoV-2 itself and in some pangolin viruses. It is presently unknown whether the common ancestor still exists and, if so, which animals it infects. Our data, however, indicate that divergence of SARS-CoV-2 from BatCoV RaTG13 was accompanied by limited episodes of positive selection, suggesting that the common ancestor of the two viruses was poised for human infection.

Indexed as

Evolution, MolecularSelection, GeneticAmino Acid SequenceAnimalsBetacoronavirusChiropteraCoronavirus InfectionsCOVID-19Genome, ViralHumansModels, MolecularOpen Reading FramesPandemicsPhylogenyPneumonia, ViralSARS-CoV-2Viral ProteinsN proteinNsp1ORF8positive selectionSARS-CoV-2spike proteinviral evolution

Identifiers

PMID32238584
PMCPMC7307108
OpenAlexW3013858102

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.