ReviewImmunological reviews2020
Adipose tissue macrophages: Unique polarization and bioenergetics in obesity.
Review in Immunological reviews, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 75 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
75 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 109 citations in OpenAlex.
- GLP-1 and its derivatives are associated with the reduction of macrophage infiltration and inflammation in systemic chronic inflammatory diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis of animal models.Immunologic research · 2026Pooled it
- Synovial Macrophages: Past Life, Current Situation, and Application in Inflammatory Arthritis.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Pooled it
- Serine protease inhibitor from Trichinella spiralis ameliorates diet-induced obesity and adipose tissue inflammation through TIM-3-dependent macrophage reprogramming.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Synergistic Anti-Obesity Effect ofFood science & nutrition · 2026Article
- Metabolite and nutrient regulation of macrophages in obesity and metabolic disease.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2026Review
- Obesity Induced by High-Fat Diet Affects Epididymal Sperm Motility by Regulating Macrophage Polarization.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- Research Progress on Downstream Mechanisms of Glucose Metabolic Reprogramming and Its Role in the Occurrence and Progression of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Lipid-associated macrophages and metabolic inflammatory diseases.Cell insight · 2026Review
- Obesity and Its Clinical Implications in End-Stage Kidney Disease.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Review
- Targeted regulation of adipose tissue macrophages from an immunometabolic perspective: a novel therapeutic approach for obesity-related metabolic disorders.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Sensing succinate: SUCNR1 as a context-dependent metabolic and cellular signal integrator.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2026Review
- Obesity-driven low-grade chronic inflammation as a mechanistic bridge to chronic pain: from adipose tissue remodeling to central sensitization.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Dietary Blueberry Supplementation Attenuates the Effects of an Ultra-Processed Food Cafeteria Diet on Weight Gain and Metabolic Parameters, Enhancing Nutrigenomic Profiles in C57BL/6 Mice.Molecular nutrition & food research · 2025Article
- The Role of GLP-1 Analogues in the Treatment of Obesity-Related Asthma Phenotype.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Investigation into the molecular mechanism of obesity: an integrated approach of multi-omics analysis, machine learning and experimental validation.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Article
- Macrophage plasticity and glucose metabolism: the role of immunometabolism in pulmonary arterial hypertension.Clinical science (London, England : 1979) · 2025Review
- CTRP6 as a negative regulator of anti-inflammatory M2 macrophage polarization.Immunometabolism (Cobham, Surrey) · 2025Article
- Proinflammatory polarization of adipose tissue macrophages in cows with subclinical ketosis constitutes a critical driver of adipose tissue remodeling and inflammation.Journal of animal science and biotechnology · 2025Article
- Nanomedicine targeting PPAR in adipose tissue macrophages improves lipid metabolism and obesity-induced metabolic dysfunction.Science advances · 2025Article
- Caloric restriction promotes resolution of atherosclerosis in obese mice, while weight regain accelerates its progression.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2025Article
15 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Macrophages comprise a majority of the resident immune cells in adipose tissue (AT) and regulate both tissue homeostasis in the lean state and metabolic dysregulation in obesity. Since the AT environment rapidly changes based upon systemic energy status, AT macrophages (ATMs) must adapt phenotypically and metabolically. There is a distinct dichotomy in the polarization and bioenergetics of in vitro models, with M2 macrophages utilizing oxidative phosphorylation (OX PHOS) and M1 macrophages utilizing glycolysis. Early studies suggested differential polarization of ATMs, with M2-like macrophages predominant in lean AT and M1-like macrophages in obese AT. However, recent studies show that the phenotypic plasticity of ATMs is far more complicated, which is also reflected in their bioenergetics. Multiple ATM populations exist along the M2 to M1 continuum and appear to utilize both glycolysis and OX PHOS in obesity. The significance of the dual fuel bioenergetics is unclear and may be related to an intermediate polarization, their buffering capacity, or the result of a mixed population of distinct polarized ATMs. Recent evidence also suggests that ATMs of lean mice serve as a substrate buffer or reservoir to modulate lipid, catecholamine, and iron availability. Furthermore, recent models of weight loss and weight cycling reveal additional roles for ATMs in systemic metabolism. Evaluating ATM phenotype and intracellular metabolism together may more accurately illuminate the consequences of ATM accumulation in obese AT, lending further insight into obesity-related comorbidities in humans.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.