ReviewNature reviews. Endocrinology2020
Contribution of macronutrients to obesity: implications for precision nutrition.
Review in Nature reviews. Endocrinology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 93 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
93 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 193 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effectiveness of Whey Protein Supplementation in Weight Loss Interventions for Patients with Obesity: A Systematic Review.Nutrients · 2026Pooled it
- Determinants of central obesity in children and adolescents and associated complications in South Africa: a systematic review.Frontiers in public health · 2024Pooled it
- Salivary Amylase Gene Copy Number Relates with BMI Z-Score and with Response to Lifestyle Intervention for Children with Overweight and Obesity.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Trial
- Longitudinal associations of dietary fiber and its source with 48-week weight loss maintenance, cardiometabolic risk factors and glycemic status under metformin or acarbose treatment: a secondary analysis of the March randomized trial.Nutrition & diabetes · 2024Trial
- Precision nutrition impact on metabolic health and quality of life in aging population after a 3-month intervention: A randomized intervention.The journal of nutrition, health & aging · 2024Trial
- Trial
- Does a Higher Protein Diet Promote Satiety and Weight Loss Independent of Carbohydrate Content? An 8-Week Low-Energy Diet (LED) Intervention.Nutrients · 2022Trial
- Trial
- Palmitic acid coordinates impaired visceral adipose ICOShi Treg-mediated immunosuppression and systemic metabolic disturbance during obesity.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2026Article
- Interactions Between Genetic Risk and Macronutrient Intake on Obesity-Related Traits in Sri Lankan Adults.Nutrients · 2026Article
- Human-Centered Innovation: Precision Nutrition and the Future of Food.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Host-Microbiome Immune Interaction Networks: A Comparative Evolutionary Perspective Across Worms, Mice, and Humans.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Role of olive oil in weight gain: contrasting the animal and human findings.European journal of clinical nutrition · 2026Review
- Predictive value of 1-hour postprandial SPARC levels on metabolic outcomes from Mediterranean diet adherence: results from a randomized controlled feeding study.Life metabolism · 2026Article
- Article
- Reducing bias and enhancing equity in AI-enabled precision nutrition: addressing measurement error across wearables, multiomics, and dietary data.Frontiers in digital health · 2026Review
- Prophylactic effects of nutrition, dietary strategies, exercise, lifestyle and environment on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.Annals of medicine · 2025Review
- Hidden Hunger in Pediatric Obesity: Redefining Malnutrition Through Macronutrient Quality and Micronutrient Deficiency.Nutrients · 2025Review
- Metaflammation's Role in Systemic Dysfunction in Obesity: A Comprehensive Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Dynamic multi-omics profiling of islet and gut hormonal secretion and peripheral crosstalk in response to various nutrient loads.Cell reports. Medicine · 2025Article
33 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The specific metabolic contribution of consuming different energy-yielding macronutrients (namely, carbohydrates, protein and lipids) to obesity is a matter of active debate. In this Review, we summarize the current research concerning associations between the intake of different macronutrients and weight gain and adiposity. We discuss insights into possible differential mechanistic pathways where macronutrients might act on either appetite or adipogenesis to cause weight gain. We also explore the role of dietary macronutrient distribution on thermogenesis or energy expenditure for weight loss and maintenance. On the basis of the data discussed, we describe a novel way to manage excessive body weight; namely, prescribing personalized diets with different macronutrient compositions according to the individual's genotype and/or enterotype. In this context, the interplay of macronutrient consumption with obesity incidence involves mechanisms that affect appetite, thermogenesis and metabolism, and the outcomes of these mechanisms are altered by an individual's genotype and microbiota. Indeed, the interactions of the genetic make-up and/or microbiota features of a person with specific macronutrient intakes or dietary pattern consumption help to explain individualized responses to macronutrients and food patterns, which might represent key factors for comprehensive precision nutrition recommendations and personalized obesity management.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.