ArticleCancers2020
Immunotherapy in Glioblastoma: Current Shortcomings and Future Perspectives.
Article in Cancers, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 64 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
64 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- T cell immunity in glioma and potential implications for immunotherapy: A systematic review.Neuro-oncology · 2026Pooled it
- Glioblastoma cells potentiate the induction of the Th1-like profile in phosphoantigen-stimulated γδ T lymphocytes.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2021Pooled it
- A Comparison Between Chemo-Radiotherapy Combined With Immunotherapy and Chemo-Radiotherapy Alone for the Treatment of Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in oncology · 2021Pooled it
- Active Immunotherapy for Glioblastoma Treatment: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Cancer control : journal of the Moffitt Cancer CenterPooled it
- Evolving Landscape of Glioblastoma Research: Integrating Therapeutic Advances and Diagnostic Frontiers.Brain sciences · 2026Review
- Gmppb-mutant mice exhibit dystroglycanopathy symptoms that are rescued with GSK3β inhibition or AAV-mediated GMPPB gene replacement.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Small Messengers: Glioblastoma-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Modulate γδ T Lymphocytes Through a MIC-Dependent Mechanism.Biology · 2026Article
- Podoplanin expression is associated with local inflammation and survival in glioma.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Visualizing the association between the location and prognosis of isocitrate dehydrogenase wild-type glioblastoma: a voxel-wise Cox regression analysis with open-source datasets.Neuroradiology · 2025Article
- Oncolytic Virotherapies and Adjuvant Gut Microbiome Therapeutics to Enhance Efficacy Against Malignant Gliomas.Viruses · 2024Review
- Non-Immune-Mediated, p27-Associated, Growth Inhibition of Glioblastoma by Class-II-Transactivator (CIITA).Cells · 2024Article
- Locoregional delivery of chimeric antigen receptor-T cells: Breaking the spell in glioblastoma?Neuro-oncology · 2024Article
- Recurrent Glioblastoma-Molecular Underpinnings and Evolving Treatment Paradigms.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Gut microbiota composition is associated with the efficacy of Delta-24-RGDOX in malignant gliomas.Molecular therapy. Oncology · 2024Article
- Deciphering Glioblastoma: Fundamental and Novel Insights into the Biology and Therapeutic Strategies of Gliomas.Current issues in molecular biology · 2024Review
- Limited Effects of Class II Transactivator-Based Immunotherapy in Murine and Human Glioblastoma.Cancers · 2023Article
- Recent advances in drug delivery systems for targeting brain tumors.Drug delivery · 2023Review
- B7H3-targeting chimeric antigen receptor modification enhances antitumor effect of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells in glioblastoma.Journal of translational medicine · 2023Article
- Untangling the web of glioblastoma treatment resistance using a multi-omic and multidisciplinary approach.The American journal of the medical sciences · 2023Review
- Immuno markers in newly diagnosed glioblastoma patients underwent Stupp protocol after neurosurgery: a retrospective series.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2023Article
4 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Glioblastomas are aggressive, fast-growing primary brain tumors. After standard-of-care treatment with radiation in combination with temozolomide, the overall prognosis of newly diagnosed patients remains poor, with a 2-year survival rate of less than 20%. The remarkable survival benefit gained with immunotherapy in several extracranial tumor types spurred a variety of experimental intervention studies in glioblastoma patients. These ranged from immune checkpoint inhibition to vaccinations and adoptive T cell therapies. Unfortunately, almost all clinical outcomes were universally disappointing. In this perspective, we provide an overview of immune interventions performed to date in glioblastoma patients and re-evaluate their performance. We argue that shortcomings of current immune therapies in glioblastoma are related to three major determinants of resistance, namely: low immunogenicity; immune privilege of the central nervous system; and immunosuppressive micro-environment. In this perspective, we propose strategies that are guided by exact shortcomings to sensitize glioblastoma prior to treatment with therapies that enhance numbers and/or activation state of CD8 T cells.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.