ArticleInternational journal of environmental research and public health2020
Individual- and City-Level Socioeconomic Factors and Tooth Loss among Elderly People: A Cross-Level Multilevel Analysis.
Article in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Are Area-Level Socioeconomic Factors Associated with Dental Caries and Tooth Loss? A Systematic Review.Caries research · 2025Pooled it
- Natural Teeth Present and Quality of Life in Older Adults from Indigenous Communities in the Peruvian Amazon: A Cross-Sectional Study.Oral health & preventive dentistry · 2026Observational
- Individual and contextual factors associated with tooth loss among Brazilian older adults.Revista brasileira de epidemiologia = Brazilian journal of epidemiology · 2026Article
- Municipal wealth and tooth extractions in the Unified Health System: limits to changing the healthcare model.Revista de saude publica · 2026Article
- Behavioral and Socioeconomic Determinants of Tooth Loss in Yemeni Adults: A Cross-Sectional Analysis.Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dentistry · 2026Article
- Dental Utilization Stratified by the Purpose of Visit: A Population-Based Study in Japan.International dental journal · 2023Article
- Relationship between the Social Development Index and Self-Reported Periodontal Conditions.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Tooth Loss and Associated Factors in Mexican Older Adults in Nursing Homes: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study.BioMed research international · 2023Article
- Article
- Education and income-based inequality in tooth loss among Brazilian adults: does the place you live make a difference?BMC oral health · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This study aimed to test the association of contextual and individual socioeconomic status with tooth loss among Brazilian elderly people aged 65-74 years. Data from 5435 elderly participants from the Brazilian National Oral Health Survey (2010) were linked to city-level data for 27 state capitals and the Federal District. Tooth loss was clinically assessed according to the number of missing natural teeth. Contextual social variables included Human Development Index income (HDI-income) and HDI-education. Individual socioeconomic measures were monthly family income and years of schooling. Covariates included sex, skin colour, number of residents per room and number of goods. Multilevel Negative Binomial regression models were used to estimate rate ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals between contextual and individual variables and tooth loss. Contextual and individual income and education measures were consistently associated with tooth loss. Elderly people living in cities with low HDI-income and low HDI-education were respectively 21% and 33% more likely to present tooth loss. Cross-level interaction suggested that the relationship of lower income and lower schooling with tooth loss is different across levels of city-level income and city-level education inequality, respectively. Public policies aiming to reduce the income and education gaps and preventive dental interventions are imperative to tackle tooth loss among elderly people.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.