Evidence map›Paper›PMID 32234700›Full record

Trial reportJournal of medical Internet research2020

Efficacy of a Theory-Based Cognitive Behavioral Technique App-Based Intervention for Patients With Insomnia: Randomized Controlled Trial.

Nilofar Rajabi Majd, Anders Broström, Martin Ulander, Chung-Ying Lin, Mark D Griffiths, Vida Imani, Daniel Kwasi Ahorsu, Maurice M Ohayon, Amir H Pakpour

Registry-linked trialOpen access · goldAbstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in Journal of medical Internet research, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03605732 (The Effectiveness of an Educational Intervention Based on Self-help for Sleep Hygiene Promotion on Employees of Qazvin University of Medical Sciences), which is not on this map. Cited by 41 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
41citing papers in PubMed, 5 pooled it
6.4field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT03605732 nacompletednot on this map

The Effectiveness of an Educational Intervention Based on Self-help for Sleep Hygiene Promotion on Employees of Qazvin University of Medical Sciences

TypeinterventionalSponsorQazvin University Of Medical SciencesRan2018 to 2019Enrolled312ConditionsInsomnia, Behavioral InterventionArmsself help sleep hygiene intervention application, patients education
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

41 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 73 citations in OpenAlex.

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  16. Beyond tumor biology: nursing interventions for psychological and immune health in cancer patients.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 6 institutions in 5 countries.

Nilofar Rajabi MajdSocial Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.ORCID 0000-0001-8906-0963
Anders BroströmDepartment of Nursing, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden.ORCID 0000-0002-0433-0619
Martin UlanderDepartment of Clinical Neurophysiology, Linköping University Hospital, Linköping, Sweden.ORCID 0000-0002-3810-0432
Chung-Ying LinDepartment of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, China (Hong Kong).ORCID 0000-0002-2129-4242
Mark D GriffithsInternational Gaming Research Unit, Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0001-8880-6524
Vida ImaniPediatric Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.ORCID 0000-0003-1934-8560
Daniel Kwasi AhorsuDepartment of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, China (Hong Kong).ORCID 0000-0003-0530-8138
Maurice M OhayonDivision of Public Mental Health and Population Sciences, Stanford Sleep Epidemiology Research Center, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States.ORCID 0000-0002-2757-5440
Amir H PakpourSocial Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.ORCID 0000-0002-8798-5345
Hong Kong Polytechnic University · HKLinköping University Hospital · SEQazvin University of Medical Sciences · IRNottingham Trent University · GBStanford Health Care · USTabriz University of Medical Sciences · IR

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundSleep hygiene is important for maintaining good sleep and reducing insomnia.

objectiveThis study examined the long-term efficacy of a theory-based app (including cognitive behavioral therapy [CBT], theory of planned behavior [TPB], health action process approach [HAPA], and control theory [CT]) on sleep hygiene among insomnia patients.

methodsThe study was a 2-arm single-blind parallel-group randomized controlled trial (RCT). Insomnia patients were randomly assigned to a treatment group that used an app for 6 weeks (ie, CBT for insomnia [CBT-I], n=156) or a control group that received only patient education (PE, n=156) through the app. Outcomes were assessed at baseline and 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months postintervention. Primary outcomes were sleep hygiene, insomnia, and sleep quality. Secondary outcomes included attitudes toward sleep hygiene behavior, perceived behavioral control, behavioral intention, action and coping planning, self-monitoring, behavioral automaticity, and anxiety and depression. Linear mixed models were used to evaluate the magnitude of changes in outcomes between the two groups and across time.

resultsSleep hygiene was improved in the CBT-I group compared with the PE group (P=.02 at 1 month, P=.04 at 3 months, and P=.02 at 6 months) as were sleep quality and severity of insomnia. Mediation analyses suggested that perceived behavioral control on sleep hygiene as specified by TPB along with self-regulatory processes from HAPA and CT mediated the effect of the intervention on outcomes.

conclusionsHealth care providers might consider using a CBT-I app to improve sleep among insomnia patients.

trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT03605732; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03605732.

Indexed as

AdultCognitive Behavioral TherapyFemaleHumansMaleSingle-Blind MethodSleep Initiation and Maintenance DisordersTreatment Outcomeapp-based interventioncognitive behavioral therapy, insomniasleep hygienetheory of planned behavior

Identifiers

PMID32234700
PMCPMC7160702
OpenAlexW3014841833

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.