ArticleThe American journal of clinical nutrition2020
Associations of birth size, infancy, and childhood growth with intelligence quotient at 5 years of age: a Danish cohort study.
Article in The American journal of clinical nutrition, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- Head circumference and intelligence, schooling, employment, and income: a systematic review.BMC pediatrics · 2024Pooled it
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- A Longitudinal Study of Head Circumference Trajectories in Autism and Autistic Traits.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2026Article
- Associations of fetal and infant growth patterns with behavior and cognitive outcomes in early adolescence.JCPP advances · 2025Article
- Predictors influencing neurodevelopment during the infancy of term infants.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2025Article
- Association of anthropometric parameters with intelligence quotient in early school-aged children: a cross-sectional study in Iran.BMC pediatrics · 2024Article
- Prenatal vitamin B12 status and cognitive functioning in children at 4 years of age: The ECLIPSES Study.Maternal & child nutrition · 2024Article
- Growth Velocities Across Distinct Early Life Windows and Child Cognition: Insights from a Contemporary US Cohort.The Journal of pediatrics · 2023Article
- Ambient temperature during pregnancy and fetal growth in Eastern Massachusetts, USA.International journal of epidemiology · 2023Article
- Head circumference trajectories during the first two years of life and cognitive development, emotional, and behavior problems in adolescence: a cohort study.European journal of pediatrics · 2022Article
- Exposure toEnvironmental health perspectives · 2022Article
- Growth in the first 1000 days lays the foundation for human capital formation.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2021Article
- Article
- Co-occurrence of preconception maternal childhood adversity and opioid use during pregnancy: Implications for offspring brain development.Neurotoxicology and teratologyArticle
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7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe correlates of prenatal and postnatal growth on Intelligence Quotient (IQ) in childhood in term-born children living in high-income countries are not well known.
objectivesWe examined how birth size and growth in infancy and childhood were associated with IQ at age 5 y in term-born children using path analysis.
methodsThe study sample comprised 1719 children from the Danish National Birth Cohort who participated in a substudy in which psychologists assessed IQ using the Wechsler Primary and Preschool Scales of Intelligence-Revised. Measured weight, length/height, and head circumference at birth, 5 mo, 12 mo, and 5 y were included in a path model to estimate their total, indirect, and direct effects on IQ. All growth measures were included in the model as sex- and age-standardized z-scores.
resultsAfter adjusting for potential confounders, a positive association between birth weight and IQ was observed, and 88% of the association was direct. Weight gain in infancy was associated with IQ [per z-score increase from 5 to 12 mo, IQ increased by 1.53 (95% CI: 0.14; 2.92) points] whereas weight gain from 12 mo to 5 y was not associated with IQ. Height and head circumference growth in childhood was associated with IQ [per z-score increase from 12 mo to 5 y, IQ increased by 0.98 (95% CI: 0.17; 1.79) and 2.09 (95% CI: 0.78; 3.41) points, respectively].
conclusionsIn children born at term in an affluent country with free access to health care, higher IQ was seen with greater size at birth and greater weight gain in infancy. Also, greater growth in height and head circumference throughout the first 5 y of life was associated with higher childhood IQ whereas greater weight gain after the first year of life was not.
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