ArticleInvestigative ophthalmology & visual science2020
IRT5 Probiotics Changes Immune Modulatory Protein Expression in the Extraorbital Lacrimal Glands of an Autoimmune Dry Eye Mouse Model.
Article in Investigative ophthalmology & visual science, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers.
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37 citing papers in PubMed, 62 citations in OpenAlex.
- Microbiome immune crosstalk in Sjögren's syndrome: mechanistic insights and translational perspectives.Immunologic research · 2026Review
- Role of microbiome in ocular surface disease: interpreting biology in a low-biomass environment.Current opinion in ophthalmology · 2026Review
- Ocular immune homeostasis-mechanisms of precise regulation through coordination of the eye, visual system and beyond: a narrative review.Annals of eye science · 2026Article
- The Gut-Eye Axis and Microbiome in Ophthalmic Diseases: A Narrative Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Gut microbiota transfer from autoimmune dry eye mice imprints stereotypic B cell receptor repertoires in the lacrimal gland and induces disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Exploring the Multitude: A Review on Different Categorization of Probiotics.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2026Review
- Article
- Nutraceutical Intervention of Probiotics in Vision Science: A Systematic Review of Evolving Perspective.Journal of ophthalmology · 2026Review
- Gut-ocular surface axis in dry eye disease: phenotype-specific mechanisms, evidence, and microbiome-targeted interventions.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
- Long-term risk of dry eye disease following gastrectomy and colectomy in a nationwide cohort study.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Article
- The microbiome and the eye: a new era in ophthalmology.Eye (London, England) · 2025Review
- Microbiome as an endocrine organ and its relationship with eye diseases: Effective factors and new targeted approaches.World journal of gastrointestinal pathophysiology · 2024Review
- Review
- Efficacy of RCI001 as a therapeutic candidate of dry eye disease in a modified mixed dry eye model.Eye and vision (London, England) · 2024Article
- Recommendations for nutritional supplements for dry eye disease: current advances.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Review
- Multidimensional immunotherapy for dry eye disease: current status and future directions.Frontiers in ophthalmology · 2024Review
- Article
- Targeting the Gut-Eye Axis: An Emerging Strategy to Face Ocular Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Lessons from Animal Models in Sjögren's Syndrome.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Purpose: While the association between the gut microbiome and the immune system has been studied in autoimmune disorders, little is known about ocular disease. Previously we reported that IRT5, a mixture of five probiotic strains, could suppress autoimmune dry eye. In this study, we investigated the mechanism by which IRT5 performs its immunomodulatory function in a mouse model of autoimmune dry eye. Methods: NOD.B10.H2b mice were used as an autoimmune dry eye model. Either IRT5 or PBS was gavaged orally for 3 weeks, with or without 5 days of antibiotic pretreatment. The effects on clinical features, extraorbital lacrimal gland and spleen proteins, and fecal microbiota were analyzed. Results: The ocular staining score was lower, and tear secretion was higher, in the IRT5-treated groups than in the PBS-treated groups. After IRT5 treatment, the downregulated lacrimal gland proteins were enriched in the biological processes of defense response and immune system process. The relative abundances of 33 operational taxonomic units were higher, and 53 were lower, in the feces of the IRT5-treated groups than in those of the PBS-treated groups. IRT5 administration without antibiotic pretreatment also showed immunomodulatory functions with increases in the Lactobacillus helveticus group and Lactobacillus hamsteri. Additional proteomic assays revealed a decrease of proteins related to antigen-presenting processes in the CD11b+ and CD11c+ cells of spleen in the IRT5-treated groups. Conclusions: Changes in the gut microbiome after IRT5 treatment improved clinical manifestations in the autoimmune dry eye model via the downregulation of antigen-presenting processes in immune networks.
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