SynthesisNature genetics2020
Meta-analysis of 542,934 subjects of European ancestry identifies new genes and mechanisms predisposing to refractive error and myopia.
Synthesis in Nature genetics, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06498947 (Factors Influencing Physiological Hyperopia in Children), which is not on this map. Cited by 222 papers, 19 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Factors Influencing Physiological Hyperopia in Children: A Prospective Nested Case-control Study
Who cites it
222 citing papers in PubMed, 19 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 330 citations in OpenAlex.
- Polygenic Risk Scores for Myopia: A Systematic Review of Predictive Performance and Clinical Potential.Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists) · 2026Pooled it
- Association Between Polymorphisms of 4 Common Genes and High Myopia Risk: A Comprehensive Analysis.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2026Pooled it
- Multi-ancestry genome-wide association analyses of refractive error augment genetic discovery and polygenic prediction.Nature genetics · 2026Pooled it
- CPNE1: A novel therapeutic target for myopia progression - from genetic GWAS discovery to functional validation in vitro and vivo.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Analysing myopia in Europe: A comprehensive meta-analysis.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2026Pooled it
- Proteome-wide Mendelian randomisation identifies causal links between blood proteins and myopia.Journal of global health · 2026Pooled it
- Association of anthropometric parameter with myopia in children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis.International journal of obesity (2005) · 2025Pooled it
- GWAS for primary angle-closure glaucoma identifies loci related to ocular biometry and morphology.Nature communications · 2025Pooled it
- Large-scale GWAS of strabismus identifies risk loci and provides support for a link with maternal smoking.Nature communications · 2025Pooled it
- DNA methylation biomarkers and myopia: a multi-omics study integrating GWAS, mQTL and eQTL data.Clinical epigenetics · 2024Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Associations between systemic melatonin and human myopia: A systematic review.Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists) · 2023Pooled it
- Comparison of myopia progression among Chinese schoolchildren before and during COVID-19 pandemic: a meta-analysis.International ophthalmology · 2023Pooled it
- Global risk factor analysis of myopia onset in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2023Pooled it
- Myopia prediction: a systematic review.Eye (London, England) · 2022Pooled it
- Interaction of background genetic risk, psychotropic medications, and primary angle closure glaucoma in the UK Biobank.PloS one · 2022Pooled it
- New Insights on the Regulatory Gene Network Disturbed in Central Areolar Choroidal Dystrophy-Beyond Classical Gene Candidates.Frontiers in genetics · 2022Pooled it
- A large multiethnic GWAS meta-analysis of cataract identifies new risk loci and sex-specific effects.Nature communications · 2021Pooled it
- A multi-ethnic genome-wide association study implicates collagen matrix integrity and cell differentiation pathways in keratoconus.Communications biology · 2021Pooled it
- A Comprehensive Assessment of the Shared Genetic Architecture between Myopia and Open-Angle Glaucoma.Ophthalmology science · 2026Article
162 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
30 authors at 16 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Refractive errors, in particular myopia, are a leading cause of morbidity and disability worldwide. Genetic investigation can improve understanding of the molecular mechanisms that underlie abnormal eye development and impaired vision. We conducted a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) that involved 542,934 European participants and identified 336 novel genetic loci associated with refractive error. Collectively, all associated genetic variants explain 18.4% of heritability and improve the accuracy of myopia prediction (area under the curve (AUC) = 0.75). Our results suggest that refractive error is genetically heterogeneous, driven by genes that participate in the development of every anatomical component of the eye. In addition, our analyses suggest that genetic factors controlling circadian rhythm and pigmentation are also involved in the development of myopia and refractive error. These results may enable the prediction of refractive error and the development of personalized myopia prevention strategies in the future.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.