ArticleToxins2020
A Proposal for Botulinum Toxin Type A Injection Into the Temporal Region in Chronic Migraine Headache.
Article in Toxins, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- Treatment of Localized and Referred Masticatory Myofascial Pain with Botulinum Toxin Injection.Toxins · 2020Trial
- A Three-Point, Low-Dose, Artery-Targeted Botulinum Toxin Treatment for Chronic Migraine: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Contralateral-Controlled Trial.Aesthetic plastic surgery · 2026Article
- Impact of botulinum toxin type A on ocular pain with neuropathic features.The ocular surface · 2025Article
- Pioneering pain management with botulinum toxin type A: From anti-inflammation to regenerative therapies.Heliyon · 2025Review
- OnabotulinumtoxinA in Migraine: A Review of the Literature and Factors Associated with Efficacy.Journal of clinical medicine · 2021Review
- Variants and Modifications of the Retroauricular Approach Using in Temporomandibular Joint Surgery: A Systematic Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Botulinum toxin type-A (BTX-A) injection for treating chronic migraine (CM) has developed into a new technique covering distinct injection points in the head and neck regions. The postulated analgesic mechanism implies that the injection should be administered to sensory nerves rather than to muscles. This study aimed to determine the topographical site of the auriculotemporal nerve (ATN) and to propose the effective injection points for treating CM. ATNs were investigated on 36 sides of 25 Korean cadavers. The anatomical structures of the ATN were investigated focusing on the temporal region. A right-angle ruler was positioned based on two clearly identifiable orthogonal reference lines based on the canthus and tragus as landmarks, and photographs were taken. The ATN appeared superficially in the anterosuperior region of the tragus. The nerve is located deeper than the superficial temporal artery. And it runs between the artery and the superficial temporal vein. In the superficial layer, it is divided into anterior and posterior divisions. The anterior division runs in a superior direction, while the posterior division runs in front of the ear and the several branches are distributed to the skin. We suggest that the optimal BTX-A injection points for CM are in the temporal region. The first point is about 2 cm anterior and 3 cm superior to two orthogonal reference lines defined based on the tragus and canthus, and the second point is about 4 cm superior to the first point. The third and fourth points are recommended about 2 cm superior to the first point, but respectively 1 cm anterior and posterior to it.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.