ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2020
Different Expression Pattern of TIM-3 and Galectin-9 Molecules by Peripheral and Peritoneal Lymphocytes in Women with and without Endometriosis.
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- The deviations of CD4 + T cells during peripheral blood and peritoneal fluid of endometriosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Archives of gynecology and obstetrics · 2023Pooled it
- Metabolic remodeling of endometriosis microenvironment: Energy stress and immune evasion.iScience · 2026Review
- Endometriosis as a Systemic and Complex Disease: Toward Phenotype-Based Classification and Personalized Therapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Immune-epigenetic-metabolic crosstalk: attempting to unravel the multidimensional mechanisms of immune evasion in endometriosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- The microbiome-inflammasome axis in endometriosis-associated chronic pelvic pain: mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities from an immunological perspective.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Article
- Exploring the Shared Pathogenesis Mechanisms of Endometriosis and Cancer: Stemness and Targeted Treatments of Its Molecular Pathways-A Narrative Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- The Role of NK and T Cells in Endometriosis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Immune Checkpoints in Endometriosis-A New Insight in the Pathogenesis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- An Estrogen-NK Cells Regulatory Axis in Endometriosis, Related Infertility, and Miscarriage.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- A higher number of exhausted local PD1+, but not TIM3+, NK cells in advanced endometriosis.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Expression of Gal-9 on Dendritic Cells and Soluble Forms of TIM-3/Gal-9 in Patients Suffering from Endometriosis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Pattern-recognition receptors in endometriosis: A narrative review.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Tim-3 Blockade Elicits Potent Anti-Multiple Myeloma Immunity of Natural Killer Cells.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Article
- Aberrantly Expressed Galectin-9 Is Involved in the Immunopathogenesis of Anti-MDA5-Positive Dermatomyositis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2021Article
- The Diagnostic Accuracy of Galectin-9 for Diagnosis of Endometriosis in Comparison with Laparoscopy.Journal of reproduction & infertilityArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Endometriosis is a gynecological condition that is associated with chronic pelvic inflammation, pain, and infertility. Although substantial evidence supports that immunological alterations contribute to its pathogenesis and we previously posed a pivotal role of Galectin-9 (Gal-9) in this disorder, the involvement of the TIM-3/Gal-9 pathway in the development of endometriosis-associated immunological abnormalities is not yet known. In the present study, multicolor flow cytometry was used to compare the immunophenotype and cell surface expression of TIM-3 and Gal-9 molecules on peripheral blood (PB) and peritoneal fluid (PF) lymphocytes of women with and without endometriosis. We found an altered distribution of different lymphocyte subpopulations, a markedly decreased TIM-3 labeling on all T and NK subsets and a significantly increased Gal-9 positivity on peripheral CD4+ T and Treg cells of the affected cohort. Furthermore, a significantly increased TIM-3 expression on CD4+T-cells and elevated Gal-9 labeling on all T and NK subsets was also revealed in the PF of the examined patients. In conclusion, our results suggest a persistent activation and disturbed TIM-3/Gal-9-dependent regulatory function in endometriosis, which may be involved in the impaired immune surveillance mechanisms, promotes the survival of ectopic lesions, and aids the evolution of reproductive failures in endometriosis.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.