SynthesisNutrients2020
The impact of maternal obesity on human milk macronutrient composition: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Nutrients, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 60 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
60 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 102 citations in OpenAlex.
- Century Wide Changes in Macronutrient Levels in Indian Mothers' Milk: A Systematic Review.Nutrients · 2022Pooled it
- Maternal BMI is positively associated with human milk fat: a systematic review and meta-regression analysis.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2021Pooled it
- Beyond Deterministic Fetal Programming: Intrauterine Exposures and the Multifactorial Origins of Adiposity.Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2026Review
- Maternal obesity during lactation as a hypertensive cardiovascular risk factor in the offspring.Experimental physiology · 2026Review
- Article
- Maternal Obesity and MicroRNAs in Breast Milk: Implications for Infant Developmental Programming.Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2026Review
- Dietary Interventions Targeting Maternal Obesity: Intergenerational Effects, Mechanisms, and Translational Insights.Current nutrition reports · 2026Review
- Linking maternal BMI trajectories from prepregnancy to postpartum with breast milk fat composition: a retrospective longitudinal study.International breastfeeding journal · 2026Article
- Global protein profiling of human milk using pre-enriched RNA-sequence libraries.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Exploring the Endocannabinoid System's Influence on Mammary Tissue and Breast Milk Inflammation in Maternal Chronic Obesity.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Impact of maternal hypothyroidism on human milk macronutrient content and fatty acid composition: a prospective cohort study.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Accelerated early weight gain of neonatal puppies from overweight bitches compared to lean dams in spite of similar milk macronutrient composition.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Improving the composition of donor milk using machine learning and optimisation techniques.PloS one · 2026Article
- Human Milk Macronutrient and Energy Contents Are Associated with Maternal and Infant Factors: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Data from the Japanese Human Milk Study Cohort.Current developments in nutrition · 2025Article
- Maternal Diet Quality and BMI as Predictors of Human Milk C-Reactive Protein Concentrations.The Journal of nutrition · 2025Article
- Factors That May Affect Breast Milk Macronutrient and Energy Content: A Critical Review.Nutrients · 2025Review
- Human milk-derived extracellular vesicles promote the heat shock response in polarized microglia.Cell stress & chaperones · 2025Article
- Determination of macronutrient profile and energy composition in human milk via Mid-Infrared Spectrometer Analysis: An experimental study.JPEN. Journal of parenteral and enteral nutrition · 2025Article
- Macronutrient concentrations in human milk beyond the first half year of lactation: a cohort study.Archives of disease in childhood. Fetal and neonatal edition · 2025Article
- Maternal and Infant Predictors of Human Milk Macronutrient and Energy Concentrations in Rural Bangladesh: An Observational Cohort Study.The Journal of nutrition · 2025Observational
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Maternal obesity has been associated with changes in the macronutrient concentration of human milk (HM), which have the potential to promote weight gain and increase the long-term risk of obesity in the infant. This article aimed to provide a synthesis of studies evaluating the effects of maternal overweight and obesity on the concentrations of macronutrients in HM. EMBASE, MEDLINE/PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Web of Science, and ProQuest databases were searched for relevant articles. Two authors conducted screening, data extraction, and quality assessment independently. A total of 31 studies (5078 lactating women) were included in the qualitative synthesis and nine studies (872 lactating women) in the quantitative synthesis. Overall, maternal body mass index (BMI) and adiposity measurements were associated with higher HM fat and lactose concentrations at different stages of lactation, whereas protein concentration in HM did not appear to differ between overweight and/or obese and normal weight women. However, given the considerable variability in the results between studies and low quality of many of the included studies, further research is needed to establish the impact of maternal overweight and obesity on HM composition. This is particularly relevant considering potential implications of higher HM fat concentration on both growth and fat deposition during the first few months of infancy and long-term risk of obesity.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.