ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2020
Effects of an Aquaporin 4 Inhibitor, TGN-020, on Murine Diabetic Retina.
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- Endothelial UNC5B regulates blood‑retinal barrier homeostasis.International journal of molecular medicine · 2026Article
- Development and validation of PmMAD7 for efficient gene editing in Penaeus monodon.BMC biotechnology · 2025Article
- Aquaporin-4 inhibition alters cerebral glucose dynamics predominantly in obese animals: an MRI study.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Article
- Aquaporin 4 Mediates the Effect of Iron Overload on Hydrocephalus After Intraventricular Hemorrhage.Neurocritical care · 2024Article
- Glial cell alterations in diabetes-induced neurodegeneration.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2024Review
- Glial, Neuronal, Vascular, Retinal Pigment Epithelium, and Inflammatory Cell Damage in a New Western Diet-Induced Primate Model of Diabetic Retinopathy.The American journal of pathology · 2023Article
- Inhibition of NADPH oxidase 2 improves cognitive abilities by modulating aquaporin-4 after traumatic brain injury in mice.Heliyon · 2023Article
- SRY-box transcription factor 9 modulates Müller cell gliosis in diabetic retinopathy by upregulating TXNIP transcription.Experimental animals · 2023Article
- The Role of Müller Cells in Diabetic Macular Edema.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2023Review
- Autophagy in the retinal neurovascular unit: New perspectives into diabetic retinopathy.Journal of diabetes · 2023Review
- Elucidating glial responses to products of diabetes-associated systemic dyshomeostasis.Progress in retinal and eye research · 2023Review
- Aquaporin Inhibitors.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2023Article
- Article
- Physiological and Pathological Role of ROS: Benefits and Limitations of Antioxidant Treatment 2.0.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Glymphatic imaging and modulation of the optic nerve.Neural regeneration research · 2022Article
- Contribution of Müller Cells in the Diabetic Retinopathy Development: Focus on Oxidative Stress and Inflammation.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- The role of retinal Müller cells in diabetic retinopathy and related therapeutic advances.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2022Review
- Hyperreflective Foci and Subretinal Fluid Are Potential Imaging Biomarkers to Evaluate Anti-VEGF Effect in Diabetic Macular Edema.Frontiers in physiology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeTo investigate the effect of a selective aquaporin 4 (AQP4) inhibitor, 2-(nicotinamide)-1,3,4-thiadiazole (TGN-020), on the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, as well as on the retinal edema in diabetic retina.
methodsIntravitreal injections of bevacizumab, TGN-020, or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) were performed on streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Retinal sections were immunostained for anti-glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), anti-AQP4, and anti-VEGF. Protein levels of VEGF from collected retinas were determined by Western blot analysis. In addition, retinal vascular leakage of Evans Blue was observed in the flat-mounted retina from the diabetic rats in the presence or absence of TGN-020. Volumetric changes of rat retinal Müller cells (TR-MUL5; transgenic rat Müller cells) and intracellular levels of ROS were determined using flow cytometry analysis of ethidium fluorescence in the presence or absence of TGN-020 or bevacizumab under physiological and high glucose conditions.
resultsIn the diabetic retina, the immunoreactivity and protein levels of VEGF were suppressed by TGN-020. AQP4 immunoreactivity was higher than in the control retinas and the expressions of AQP4 were co-localized with GFAP. Similarly to VEGF, AQP4 and GFAP were also suppressed by TGN-020. In the Evans Blue assay, TGN-020 decreased leakage in the diabetic retinas. In the cultured Müller cells, the increase in cell volumes and intracellular ROS production under high glucose condition were suppressed by exposure to TGN-020 as much as by exposure to bevacizumab.
conclusionTGN-020 may have an inhibitory effect on diabetic retinal edema.
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Registered trials
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