ArticleEuropean journal of endocrinology2020
Co-aggregation and heritability of organ-specific autoimmunity: a population-based twin study.
Article in European journal of endocrinology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 47 citations in OpenAlex.
- Multi-ancestry genome-wide association analyses provide insights into the genetic basis of Hashimoto's thyroiditis.Nature genetics · 2026Pooled it
- Traditional Chinese Medicine as an Adjunct in Hyperthyroidism Management: A Narrative Review of Pathophysiology, Proposed Mechanisms, and Clinical Evidence.International journal of general medicine · 2026Review
- Maternal Autoimmune Disease and Childhood-Onset Type 1 Diabetes: A Nationwide Population-Based Nested Case-Control Study.Pediatric diabetes · 2026Article
- Epigenetic Modifications in Vitiligo.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2025Review
- Hashimoto's Encephalopathy: Clinical Features, Therapeutic Strategies, and Rehabilitation Approaches.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Autoimmune diseases and the risk and prognosis of latent autoimmune diabetes in adults.Diabetologia · 2025Article
- The genetics of Graves' disease.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2024Review
- Correlation analysis of Hashimoto's thyroiditis with papillary thyroid carcinoma occurrence and its central lymph node metastasis: a single center experience.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Article
- The autoimmune tautology revisited.Journal of translational autoimmunity · 2023Article
- Genetic and environmental contributions to co-occurring physical health conditions in autism spectrum condition and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.Molecular autism · 2023Article
- Review
- Vitiligo-Thyroid Disease Association: When, in Whom, and Why Should It Be Suspected? A Systematic Review.Journal of personalized medicine · 2022Review
- The genetics of autoimmune Addison disease: past, present and future.Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2022Review
- Shared etiology of type 1 diabetes and Hashimoto's thyroiditis: a population-based twin study.European journal of endocrinology · 2022Article
- Familial aggregation and heritability: a nationwide family-based study of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies.Annals of the rheumatic diseases · 2021Article
- An update on the pathogenesis of Hashimoto's thyroiditis.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2021Review
- Limited Genetic Overlap Between Overt Hashimoto's Thyroiditis and Graves' Disease in Twins: A Population-based Study.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2021Article
- Precision Medicine in Graves' Disease and Ophthalmopathy.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2021Review
- The Role of the NKG2D in Vitiligo.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- Familial Risks between Pernicious Anemia and Other Autoimmune Diseases in the Population of Sweden.Autoimmune diseases · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveCo-aggregation of autoimmune diseases is common, suggesting partly shared etiologies. Genetic factors are believed to be important, but objective measures of environmental vs heritable influences on co-aggregation are absent. With a novel approach to twin studies, we aimed at estimating heritability and genetic overlap in seven organ-specific autoimmune diseases.
designProspective twin cohort study.
methodsWe used a cohort of 110 814 twins to examine co-aggregation and heritability of Hashimoto's thyroiditis, atrophic gastritis, celiac disease, Graves' disease, type 1 diabetes, vitiligo and Addison's disease. Hazard ratios (HR) were calculated for twins developing the same or different disease as compared to their co-twin. The differences between monozygotic and dizygotic twin pairs were used to estimate the genetic influence on co-aggregation. Heritability for individual disorders was calculated using structural equational modeling adjusting for censoring and truncation of data.
resultsCo-aggregation was more pronounced in monozygotic twins (median HR: 3.2, range: 2.2-9.2) than in dizygotic twins (median HR: 2.4, range: 1.1-10.0). Heritability was moderate for atrophic gastritis (0.38, 95% CI: 0.23-0.53) but high for all other diseases, ranging from 0.60 (95% CI: 0.49-0.71) for Graves' disease to 0.97 (95% CI: 0.91-1.00) for Addison's disease.
conclusionsOverall, co-aggregation was more pronounced in monozygotic than in dizygotic twins, suggesting that disease overlap is largely attributable to genetic factors. Co-aggregation was common, and twins faced up to a ten-fold risk of developing diseases not present in their co-twin. Our results validate and refine previous heritability estimates based on smaller twin cohorts.
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